Immigrants

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One other classical pair of papers should be mentioned here. Eugene Wigner, an immigrant physicist of Hungarian birth, and his student Frederick Seitz whom we... 

A new chapter in the uses of semiconductors arrived with a theoretical paper by two physicists working at IBM s research laboratory in New York State, L. Esaki (a Japanese immigrant who has since returned to Japan) and R. Tsu (Esaki and Tsu 1970). They predicted that in a fine multilayer structure of two distinct semiconductors (or of a semiconductor and an insulator) tunnelling between quantum wells becomes important and a superlattice with minibands and mini (energy) gaps is formed. Three years later, Esaki and Tsu proved their concept experimentally. Another name used for such a superlattice is confined heterostructure . This concept was to prove so fruitful in the emerging field of optoelectronics (the merging of optics with electronics) that a Nobel Prize followed in due course. The central application of these superlattices eventually turned out to be a tunable laser. 

George Andrew Olah (1927-) was born in Budapest. Hungary, and received a doctorate in 1949 at the Technical University of Budapest. During the Hungarian revolution in 1956. he immigrated to Canada and joined the Dow Chemical Company. After moving to the United States, he was professor of chemistry at Case Western Reserve University (1965-1977) and then at the University of Southern California (1977- ). He received the 1994 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work on carbocations. 

Konrad Emil Bloch (1912-20001 was born in Neisse, Germany, and began his study at the Technische Hochschule in Munich. He then immigrated to the United States in 1936 and obtained his Ph.D. from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1938. After first serving as professor at the University of Chicago, he moved to Harvard University in 1954. He is best known for his work on cholesterol biosynthesis, for which he shared the 1964 Mobel Prize in medicine. 

Roald Hoffmann (1937—) was born in Zloczow, Poland, just prior to World War II. As a boy, he survived the Holocaust by hiding in the attic of a village schoolhouse. In 1949, he immigrated to the United States, where he received an undergraduate degree at Columbia University and a Ph.D. at Harvard University in 1962. During a further 3-year stay at Harvard as Junior Fellow, he began the collaboration with R. B. Woodward that led to the development of the Woodward-Hoffmann rules for pericyclic reactions. In 1965, he moved to Cornell University, where he remains as professor. He received the 1981 Nobel Prize in chemistry. 

I kind of grew up with it, said Mr. Harris, thirty-two. When we were kids, sixteen years old, there was a large Russian immigration, and I had a lot of Russian friends. We would go down to the boardwalk, to the food stands. 

A patient who is a recent immigrant to the United Spates is seen in the outpatient clinic for a severe upper respiratory infection. The primary health care provider prescribes a cephalosporin and asks you to give the patient instructions for taking the drug. You note that the patient appears to underhand very little English. Discuss how you would solve this problem. Determine what information you would include in a teaching plan... 

Aufderheide, A.C., Kelley, M.A., Rivera, M., Gray, L., Tieszen, L.L., Iversen, E., Krouse, H.R. and Carevic, A. 1994 Contributions of chemical dietary reconstruction to the assessment of adaptation by ancient highland immigrants (Alto Ramirez) to coastal conditions at Pisagua, North Chile. o/ Archaeological Science 2V. 515-524. 

In 1914, two European immigrants, Karen Blixen and her husband, established a coffee plantation outside of Nairobi in what is now Kenya. Conditions seemed perfect for coffee, as both the altitude and latitude closely matched that of Colombia, a highly successful coffee-growing country. Nevertheless, the coffee plants withered and eventually died, because the soil in that part of Kenya is too acidic for coffee plants to flourish. Blixen eventually became famous as the author of Out of Africa, which was made into an Oscar-winning movie. 

Recent immigrants (i.e., within the last 5 years) from Persons with no risk factors... 

The distribution of the various species of malaria is not well defined but P. vivax is reported to be prevalent in the Indian subcontinent, Central America, North Africa, and the Middle East, whereas P. falciparum is predominantly in Africa (including sub-Saharan Africa), both East and West Africa, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, the Amazon region of South America, Southeast Asia, and New Guinea. Most P. ovale infections occur in Africa, while the distribution of P. malariae is worldwide.7 Most infections in the United States are reported in American travelers, recent immigrants, or immigrants who have visited... 

Maus U, von Grote K, Kuziel WA, et al. The role of CC chemokine receptor 2 in alveolar monocyte and neutrophil immigration in intact mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002 166 268-273. 

Unfortunately, the empirical research that has been conducted in this area has been affected by differences in the methodological rigor and the diversity of theoretical postures employed. Two broad approaches stand out among the different theoretical standpoints (a) the earlier theories, which posited that being an immigrant always involved marginalization phenomena, and (b) the more modern theories, which conceived immigration experiences in more positive and adaptive terms. 

As a result of immigration, many societies become culturally plural. Yet, in most cases the groups do not have the same power (as regards numbers, economy or politics). All plural societies need to address the issue of how the acculturation process takes place, at both the cultural group level and at that of their members. 

In order to understand the relations that are established between the dominant group and the non-dominant group, Berry (1997) claims that it is necessary to consider two issues at the same time. First, to what extent is it important to maintain one s cultural identity and its characteristics And, second, to what extent must immigrants integrate into other cultural groups, thus losing their own original culture ... 

Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology An International Review, 46(1), 5-34. 

Jackson, J. S., Neighbors, H. W., Torres, M. et al. (2007). Use of mental health services and subjective satisfaction with treatment among Black Caribbean immigrants results from the National Survey of American Life. Am. J. Public Health, 97( 1), 60-7. 

Sam, D. L., Vedder, P., Ward, C. Horenczyk, G. (2006). Psychological and sociocultural adaptation of immigrant youth. In J. W. Berry, J. S. Phinney, D. L. Sam and P. Vedder, eds., Immigrant Youth in Cultural Transition Acculturation, Identity, and Adaptation Across National Contexts. Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, pp. 117-41. 

The United States is becoming more diverse, ethnically and culturally. This process is happening primarily through immigration and also to some extent from differential birth rates ofvarious ethnic groups. Over a third of today s Americans are considered ethnic minorities. Currently Hispanics and African Americans each make up about 15% of the population. It is anticipated that individuals of European ancestry will become less than a majority in 2050 (US Census, 2000). 

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