Immigration processes

Kimmel, B. B., and Lubiner, A. M. Immigration Made Simple An Easy to Read Guide to the US Immigration Process, 4th ed., Next Decade, Chester, NJ, 1998. 

As a result of immigration, many societies become culturally plural. Yet, in most cases the groups do not have the same power (as regards numbers, economy or politics). All plural societies need to address the issue of how the acculturation process takes place, at both the cultural group level and at that of their members. 

The United States is becoming more diverse, ethnically and culturally. This process is happening primarily through immigration and also to some extent from differential birth rates ofvarious ethnic groups. Over a third of today s Americans are considered ethnic minorities. Currently Hispanics and African Americans each make up about 15% of the population. It is anticipated that individuals of European ancestry will become less than a majority in 2050 (US Census, 2000). 

There are three types of mass transport processes within a microfluidic system convection, diffusion, and immigration. Much more common are mixtures of three types of mass transport. It is essential to design a well-controlled transport scheme for the microsystem. Convection can be generated by different forces, such as capillary effect, thermal difference, gravity, a pressurized air bladder, the centripetal forces in a spinning disk, mechanical and electroosmotic pumps, in the microsystem. The mechanical and electroosmotic pumps are often used for transport in a microfluidic system due to their convenience, and will be further discussed in section 11.5.2. The migration is a direct transport of molecules in response to an electric field. In most cases, the moving... 

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