Japanese immigrants

A new chapter in the uses of semiconductors arrived with a theoretical paper by two physicists working at IBM s research laboratory in New York State, L. Esaki (a Japanese immigrant who has since returned to Japan) and R. Tsu (Esaki and Tsu 1970). They predicted that in a fine multilayer structure of two distinct semiconductors (or of a semiconductor and an insulator) tunnelling between quantum wells becomes important and a superlattice with minibands and mini (energy) gaps is formed. Three years later, Esaki and Tsu proved their concept experimentally. Another name used for such a superlattice is confined heterostructure . This concept was to prove so fruitful in the emerging field of optoelectronics (the merging of optics with electronics) that a Nobel Prize followed in due course. The central application of these superlattices eventually turned out to be a tunable laser. 

Figure 24.4. Cancer death rates in Japanese immigrants in the United States. The cancer death rate for each type of cancer is normalized to one for California white males and then compared to Japanese immigrants of a similar age. (Adapted from J. Cairns. In Readings in Scientific American—Cancer Biology, 1986, p. 13.)...

My brother John, just ordained, was celebrating Holy Communion at St. Mary s for a congregation made up almost entirely of Japanese immigrants and their children. A friend who heard the report on his radio rushed to the church with the news. 

Ichioka, Yuji. The Issei The World of the First Generation Japanese Immigrant, 1885-1924. New York Free Press, 1988. [See chapter 6, Struggles against Exclusion chapter 7, The 1924 Immigration Act. ]... 

Liu P-T, Argento VS, Skudlarska BA. Prescribing cascade in an 80-year-old Japanese immigrant. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2009 9 402-4. 

Shimizu H, Ross RK, Bernstein L et al. Cancers of the prostate and breast among Japanese and white immigrants in Los Angeles County. Br. J. Cancer 63, 963-966, 1991. 

I ve always thought that those of us who live in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and other countries with large immigrant populations are lucky to have ready access to a wide variety of cuisines from all over the world. One day it can be Italian, the next day Greek, the day after that Chinese or Thai or Japanese, and on it goes. Moreover, we have our own regional preferences. 

Ethnic variations in diet, additives or salt content may alter metabolism rates. Lin et al. (1986) and Henry et al. (1987) report that antipyrine metabolism was different in rural Asian Indians than in Asian Indian immigrants resident in England for some years. Dietary environmental differences may also account for the findings of Gould et al. (1972) andKato etal. (1973) of a gradation ofheart and stroke incidence, lowest in residents of rural Japan, higher in Japanese in Hawaii and highest in Japanese in California. 

That paradox touched the lives of everyone in my family. My father had been denied citizenship under the racist American immigration laws, but his love and support for the United States did not flag, even when he was forced into a relocation camp during World War II. Such was his patriotic fervor that he was beaten in the relocation camp by frustrated parents because he urged their Japanese-American sons to enlist in the U.S. Army. 

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