Ibuprofen injectable

Source Kroll, P et al, Randomized double blind, placebo-controlled trial of ibuprofen injection for treatment of pain in post-operative adult patients. Poster 50,20th Annual AAPM Meeting, Oct 10,2009. 

J. Hermansson, A. Grahn and I. Hermansson, Direct injection of large volumes of plasma/semm of a new biocompatible exti action column for the determination of atenolol, propanolol and ibuprofen . Mechanisms for the improvement of clrromato-grapliic performance , J. Chromatogr. A 797 251-263 (1998). 

Kagkadis, K. A., Rekkas, D. M., Dallas, P. P., Choulis, N. H. A freeze-dried injectable form of ibuprofen Development and optimization using respond surface methodology. PDA Journal of Pharmaceitical Science Technology, 50 (5), p. 317-323, 1996... 

FIGURE 7.10 Sensitivity comparison of HPLC and UPLC. The same sample was injected twice once using HPLC/MS/MS and again on a UPLC/MS/MS system (A) response for diphenhydramine on each system (B) response of ibuprofen. (Source Adapted from Yu, K. et al., Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2006, 20, 544. With permission of John Wiley Sons.)... 

The immobilized lipase (0.1 g) in pH 7 phosphate buffer (25 mL) was added to 25 mL (20 mM) of ester stock solution in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask (reaction flask). The reaction flask was incubated in an incubator shaker at 40 °C with the agitation speed set to 200 rpm. Samples from the organic phase and aqueous phase were withdrawn at 24 h intervals over a 5-day reaction period. The samples collected were filtered using 0.45 pm nylon filter and injected into the HPLC system to determine the rate of resolution by monitoring both substrate ((/ ,5)-2-ethoxyethyl ibuprofen ester) and product (5-ibuprofen acid concentration). 

Several phase I trials have been performed with LPS from Salmonella abortus equi administered i.v. in patients who suffered from disseminated cancer. White blood cell number decreased after each injection and returned to basal level by 24 hours. There were no changes in coagulation parameters, and no disseminated intravascular coagulation was observed. After the first injection of LPS, increases in TNF-a concentration and IL-6 activity in serum were detected. However LPS tolerance which is accompanied by a decrease in TNF-a and IL-6 production depended on the intervals between repeated injections, but it was not determined whether it was a benefit or a draw-back. Injections of IFN-y prevented this decrease in TNF-a and IL-6, and ibuprofen attenuated LPS toxicity [183,186],... 

In another phase I trial, i.d. injections of LPS from Pantoea agglomerans were given to patients who suffered from disseminated cancer and received cyclophosphamide, and ibuprofen, to attenuate fever. Increases in the serum concentrations of TNF-a, IL-6 and G-CSF were observed, without tolerance [188],... 

Another trial used i.v. injections of the synthetic lipid A SDZ MRL 953 in patients with disseminated cancer who received ibuprofen. The most common toxicity was fever, and the MTD was not reached. The lipid A had no significant effect on the serum concentrations of TNF-a, IL-ip, IL-8, G-CSF and IL-6. White cell number increased within 12 hours after the first injection, mainly due to PMNs, and then returned to normal after 48 hours [37],... 

We theorize that the broadness of the second peak in the ibuprofen separation is due to the higher concentration of that enantiomer in the injection mixture. Further tests are being performed to optimize the solvent mixture for this separation, which should also help to reduce the broadness of this peak... 

Figure 1.18. Comparison of MRM chromatograms following HPLC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/ MS analysis of a mixture containing alprazolam, ibuprofen, d5-alprazolam, diphenhydramine, naproxen, and prednisolone. Each set of chromatograms was obtained from a single 100-ng/ mL injection of rat plasma. d5-Alprazolam was used as the internal standard for quantification of alprazolam. (Reprinted with pemnission from Yu et al., 2006.)...

Recent studies in the pharmaceutical field using MBR technology are related to optical resolution of racemic mixtures or esters synthesis. The kinetic resolution of (R,S)-naproxen methyl esters to produce (S)-naproxen in emulsion enzyme membrane reactors (E-EMRs) where emulsion is produced by crossflow membrane emulsification [38, 39], and of racemic ibuprofen ester [40] were developed. The esters synthesis, like for example butyl laurate, by a covalent attachment of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) onto a ceramic support previously coated by polymers was recently described [41]. An enzymatic membrane reactor based on the immobilization of lipase on a ceramic support was used to perform interesterification between castor oil triglycerides and methyl oleate, reducing the viscosity of the substrate by injecting supercritical CO2 [42],... 

An HPLC method to determine racemic etodolac and its major metabolites in urine using a reverse-phase column has been developed [13]. Determination of etodolac in urine involved acidifying the diluted urine before extraction with cyclohexane-ethyl acetate (95 5, v/v). The organic layer was separated, evaporated, and reconstituted in solution of ibuprofen in acetonitrile (internal standard). The samples were injected onto a LiChrosper 100 RP-18 25 cm x 4 mm i.d., (5 pm particle size) column. 

An HPLC method for the analysis of etodolac and its metabolites in equine serum and urine was developed [32]. Serum (1 mL) or urine (0.5 mL) samples were extracted with iso-octane/isopropanol (95 5, v/v) after addition of ibuprofen as internal standard, diluting with 1 or 2 mL of distilled water, and adjusting the pH to 1 with 1 M HC1. The organic layer was evaporated under a stream of nitrogen, the residue dissolved in 100 pL of mobile phase, and a 20 pL aliquot injected on to the HPLC system. The HPLC system consisted of a pre-column, a 250 x 4 mm (7 pm particles) LiChrosorb RP-18 column at 25°C, isocratic elution with 1% acetic acid/acetonitrile (50 50, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.3 mL/min, and UV detector at 227 nm. The retention time of etodolac was 8.5 minutes. The method was linear over the range of 0.1-20 pg/mL in serum, and in 0.5-800 pg/mL range in urine. The limits of quantitation were 40 ng/mL in... 

Studies in animals clearly indicate that prostaglandins can produce fever when injected into the central nervous system and that Cox-2 induction is responsible for the fever that occurs with bacterial endotoxin and cytokines. To address the potential for an antipyretic effect in humans, Schwartz et al. (1999) administered rofecoxib or ibuprofen to young adults who presented to an infirmary for acute, nonbacterial... 

Figure 29 Separation of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen (peak 1), naproxen (2), ketoprofen (3), and suprofen (4) in anion-exchange CEC mode using a strong anion-exchange monolithic column. Conditions on-column alkylated monolith prepared from mixtures consisting of 8% 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 24% 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 8% ethylene dimethacrylate, 20% cyclohexanol, 40% 1-dodecanol UV-initiated polymerization at room temperature for 16 h cfpmode= 1423 nm. Column dimensions inner diameter 0.1 mm, total length 335 mm, effective length 250 mm. Mobile phase 0.4 mol/L acetic acid and 4 mmol/L triethylamine in acetonitrile/methanol (60/40), voltage -25 kV, injection -5 kV for 5 s, temperature 50°C, UV detection at 250 nm. (Reprinted from Ref. 127, with permission.)...

The eyelids are very vascular and are very forgiving, and secondary infection after an eyelid procedure is rare. However, an application of antibiotic ointment is gently applied to the area and is prescribed foim times a day for 3 days. It is important to inform the patient that the eyelid is going to look worse immediately after the procedure than it did before the procedure.The trauma created by the injections, the clamp tightening, and the incision and curettage make the lid appear swollen. By the next day the lid will be markedly improved in appearance. There should be total resolution of the lesion within 2 to 3 weeks with no evidence of the procedure. Pain after the procedure and after the anesthetic wears off is virtually nonexistent. If there is discomfort, ibuprofen is prescribed for pain control. 

A flu-like illness is the most common adverse effect of interferon beta. In an open, randomized study of the effects of paracetamol 1 g or ibuprofen 400 mg before and 6 hours after interferon beta injection on interferon beta-induced flu-like symptoms in 104 patients, the two drugs were equally effective (11). 

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