Hypertension arteriosclerosis and

Hawthorn is stated to possess cardiotonic, coronary vasodilator, and hypotensive properties. Traditionally, it is used for cardiac failure, myocardial weakness, paroxysmal tachycardia, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and Buerger s disease. 

Cardiovascular Disease. Patients with systemic hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and other cardiovascular diseases may be at risk when high concentrations of topically administered adrenergic agonists such as phenylephrine are used. Repeated topical doses or soaked cotton pledgets placed in the conjunctival sac have been associated with adverse cardiovascular effects. Likewise, P-blockers should be avoided or used cautiously in patients with congestive heart disease, severe bradycardia, and high-grade atrioventricular block. Topical P-blockers, however, may be used safely in patients with cardiac pacemakers. 

It is additionally known that cerebral apoplexy is a result of a sudden circulatory disorder of a human brain area with subsequent functional losses, with corresponding neurological and/or psychological symptoms. The causes of cerebral apoplexy can lie in cerebral haemorrhages (e.g. after a vascular tear in hypertension, arteriosclerosis and apoplectic aneurysms) and ischaemias (e.g. due to a blood pressure drop crisis or embolism). 

Hyperlipidemia and obesity are risk factors of lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have been conducted to examine food ingredients that can prevent obesity. Diacylglycerol (DAG) is one of the ideal fats that may prevent postprandial hyperlipidemia and obesity [see references contain in this volume (1)]. 

Congestive heart failure often occurs in conjunction with uremia. A number of factors—such as hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and anemia—may contribute to the heart failure, but more specific to the uremic syndrome is the increased intravascular volume and plasma volume that appear in uremics. Whether blood urea accumulation causes metabolic alterations of the heart muscles and results in myocardial malfunction remains to be established. 

It is indicated in arteriosclerosis, as adjunct in treatment of hypertension, diabetes and obesity. 

MacMahon SW, Macdonald GJ, Blacket RB. Plasma lipoprotein levels in treated and untreated hypertensive men and women. The National Heart Foundation of Australia Risk Factor Prevalence Study. Arteriosclerosis 1985 5(4) 391-6. 

The determination of cholesterol is important for the diagnosis and prevention of a number of clinical disorders such as hypertension, arteriosclerosis, cerebral thrombosis and coronary heart disease. As the majority of cholesterol in human blood is present in an esterified form, a separate saponification step is required to obtain a total cholesterol analysis early methods for this involved caustic and toxic reagents, long analysis times and a relatively large sample volume. Free cholesterol can be determined chromatographically, although this requires cumbersome and expensive laboratory-based equipment. Modern methods use the enzyme cholesterol esterase to release esterified cholesterol which is then oxidised by a second enzyme, cholesterol oxidase (ChOx, Fig. 23.3) [48]. 

Native Americans used hawthorn as a diuretic for kidney and bladder disorders and to treat stomachaches, stimulate appetite, and improve circulation. The flowers and berries have astringent properties and can be used to treat sore throats in the form of haw jelly or haw marmalade. Today, hawthorn is promoted for the treatment of heart failure, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris, Buerger s disease, paroxysmal tachycardia, heart valve murmurs, sore throat, skin sores, diarrhea, and abdominal distention. 

Lime flower is reputed to have sedative, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, diuretic, and mild astringent properties. Traditionally, it is used for treating migraine, hysteria, arteriosclerotic hypertension, feverish colds, and specifically for raised arterial pressure associated with arteriosclerosis and nervous tension. 

Because of its risk of adverse pressor effects, the 10% concentration of topical phenylephrine should be avoided for pupillary dilation, especially in patients with cardiac disease, systemic hypertension, aneurysms, and advanced arteriosclerosis. However, mild hypertension is not necessarily a contraindication to the use of the 2.5% concentration phenylephrine. 

Hawthorn is promoted for use in heart failure, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris, Buerger s disease, paroxysmal tachycardia (6), heart valve murmurs, sore throat, skin sores, diarrhea, and abdominal distention (7). 

Although erectile dysfunction is sometimes assumed to be a symptom of the aging process in men, it is unclear if the incidence is directly related to increasing patient age. Erectile dysfunction more likely results from concurrent medical conditions of the patient (e.g., hypertension, arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, diabetes melli-tus, or psychiatric disorders) or from medications that patients may be taking for these diseases. " For example, up to 50% of patients with diabetes mellitus develop erectile dysfunction, and medications such as /3-blockers are associated with a high incidence of erectile dysfunction. 

Diseases that compromise vascular flow to the corpora caver-nosum (e.g., peripheral vascular disease, arteriosclerosis, and essential hypertension) are associated with an increased incidence of erectile dysfunction. Diseases that impair nerve conduction to the brain (e.g., spinal cord injury or stroke) or conditions that impair peripheral nerve conduction to the penile vasculature (e.g., diabetes mellitus) can result in erectile dysfunction. 

Recently, it has been reported that cancer, arteriosclerosis and coronary heart diseases have long been considered major contributors to morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Many medicinal plants and foodstuffs are used for their preventive effects against life-style-related diseases, such as coronary heart diseases, hypertension, thrombosis, allergic inflammation, arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, and cancer. Although based on the classic concept of Diet and Medicine from the Same Source , as described in old Chinese and Japanese medical books, evidence based on clinical and experimental results were not yet clear. I have been using biochemical and pharmacological approaches to study... 

Dried organisms consist of 32-60% water soluble carbohydrates and 4 12% fiber, and when decomposing sticky viscous substances, they produce glucose and fructose. Moreover, they have lot of dietary fiber to lower blood cholesterol that they are effective in preventing hypertension, heart disease, arteriosclerosis, and iodine that improves metabolism— the smooth vascular and cardiac action, the body temperature and perspiration regulation. 

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to take a heavy toll on people in the productive period of life, especially in industrialized countries. Although its incidence has fallen in the last decade, CVD is still the main cause of death in industrialized countries. In the United States and many other countries, it is the number one chronic condition requiring hospitalization, and is also the most prevalent disease condition in the elderly. Despite intensive research, the etiology and the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis and its consequences are not completely understood. An important causative factor is hypercholesterolemia, and cUnical intervention studies have demonstrated the therapeutic value of correcting it. However, at any given level of hypercholesterolemia, even in combination with all other classical risk factors such as hypertension or smoking, there is considerable variation in the expression of the disease. 

Traditional use In folk medicine infusions of fruits and leaves are used to treat sore throats, jaundice, hemorrhoids, fatigue, uterine bleeding, and children with diarrhea. Fresh leaves are applied to old skin ulcers (Akopov 1990). Fresh fruits are used to treat kidney stones, inflammation of the gaU bladder and bile duct, gout, stomach catarrh, constipation, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis, and is used as a vermifuge. Crushed fruits are apphed to the skin to treat eczema. A decoction of the dried fruits is used as a diaphoretic and of the leaves as a diaphoretic and diuretic. A decoction of the roots is used as a hemostatic (Altimishev 1991). 

Rutin was formerly an official drug in the United States and has been used in treating capillary hemorrhage due to increased capillary fragility in degenerative vascular diseases (e.g., arteriosclerosis and hypertension), diabetes, and allergic manifestations. 

Most cases of secondary ED are related to arteriosclerosis. ED is also associated with hypertension, antihypertensive therapy, and diabetes meUitus, particularly in the older diabetic. Other chronic diseases, such as psychogenic disorders and Peyronie s disease, may be associated with ED. 

Contraindications Agitated states, use of MAOIs within 14 days, glaucoma, history of drug abuse, hyperthyroidism, advanced arteriosclerosis or severe cardiovascular disease, severe hypertension, and hypersensitivity to sympathomimetic amines... 

Contraindications Coronary artery disease, hypertension, impaired hepatic or renal function, malnutrition, peripheral vascular diseases (such as thromboangiitis obliterans, syphilitic arteritis, severe arteriosclerosis, thrombophlebitis, and Raynaud s disease), sepsis, severe pruritus... 

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