Hypertension prevention

Hunt SC, Cook NR, Oberman A, Cutler JA, Hennekens CH, Allender PS, Walker WG, Whelton PK, Williams RR. Angiotensinogen genotype, sodium reduction, weight loss, and prevention of hypertension - trials of Hypertension Prevention, Phase II. Hypertension 1998 32 393-401. 

Acebntol is a selective j j-adrenoblocker. It possesses antianginal, antihypotensive, and antiarrhythmic action. It is nsed for arterial hypertension, preventing attacks of angina, and cardiac rhythm distnrbances. Synonyms of this drag are acebutolol, sectral, and others. 

Unlabeled Uses Treatment adjunct for hypertension, prevention and treatment of hypokalemia... 

Considerable progress has been made in the development of agents capable of producing a specific and effective blockade of responses to sympatho-adrenal activity. Three groups of compounds show particular promise—the jd-haloalkylamines, the dihydro ergot alkaloids, and the imidazolines. However, lack of information regarding the role of sympatho-adrenal factors in the etiology of essential hypertension prevents a definitive evaluation of their potential usefulness in the therapy of this condition. 

Atenolol Tenormin Beta-1 Angina pectoris, hypertension, prevent reinfarction... 

Timolol Blocadren Nonselective Hypertension, prevent reinfarction, prevent vascular headache... 

Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol-XL). Metoprolol is considered a cardioselective beta blocker and has been approved for treating hypertension, preventing angina pectoris, and preventing myocardial reinfarction. As an antihypertensive and antianginal, metoprolol is usually administered orally. In the prevention of reinfarction, metoprolol is initiated by intravenous injection and then followed up by oral administration. 

Shah, M., Jeffery, R. W., I.aiog, B, Savre, S, G Natta, M. V, and Strickland, D. (1990). Hypertension prevention trial (HPT) Food pattern changes resulting from intervention on sodium, potassium, and energy intake, j. Am. Did. Assoc. 90,69-76. 

Anonymous. The Hypertension Prevention Trial three-year effects of dietary changes on blood pressure. Hypertension Prevention Trial Research Group. Arch Intern Med 1990 150(l) 153-62. 

Suppose, for example, that a treatment for hypertension prevents 100 strokes per 1000 patient years of use in a particular population but causes one case of hypotensive stroke (Hankey and Gubbay, 1987). Suppose, furthermore, that where this happens it will be possible to establish this with high probability. In that case the manufacturer will face a regular series of successful suits despite the fact that the treatment has a considerable net beneficial effect. Of course, the patients who would have had a stroke but did not won t be identified. However, it might still be rational for any patient with hypertension to take the medicine (assuming that even better therapy was not available.) In short, it seems from the practical point of view that what should be considered is the effects of causes, and in his paper Holland described this as being the more important question generally (Holland, 1986). 

Sacks, F.M., Hebert, R, Appel, L.J., Borhani,N.O., Applegate, W.B., Cohen, J.D., Cutler, J.A., Kirchner, K.A., KuUer,L.H., and Roth, K.J. (1994) Short Report The Effect of Fish Oil on Blood Pressure and High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Level in Phase I of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention, 7. Hypertens. 12,209-213. 

Lee, B. H., Pan, T. M. (2012). Benefit of MonascMS-fermented products for hypertension prevention Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 94, 1151-1161. 

Methyldopa is effective in mild, moderate, and severe hypertension but a thiazide-type diuretic is needed to overcome the fluid retaining side effect. Methyldopa has been shown to prevent and induce regression of ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients. The principal side effects are sedation, drowsiness, nasal congestion, fluid retention, and in rare occasions, hemolytic anemia. 

When adrninistered long-term for the treatment of hypertension, diuretics fulfill the goals of preventing cardiovascular disease and increasing longevity. However, diuretic therapy may produce both side and toxic effects that are significant in certain patient subgroups, eg, diabetics and cardiac patients. 

Diuretics are one of the dmg categories most frequendy prescribed. The principal uses of diuretics are for the treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure, and mobilization of edema fluid in renal failure, fiver cirrhosis, and ascites. Other applications include the treatment of glaucoma and hypercalcemia, as well as the alkafinization of urine to prevent cystine and uric acid kidney stones. 

The so-called calcium channel blockers constitute a class of cardiovascular agents that have gained prominence in the past few years. These drugs, which obtund contraction of arterial vessels by preventing the movement of calcium ions needed for those contractions, have proved especially useful in the treatment of angina and hypertension. Dihydropyridines such as nifedipine (30) are par-... 

In the treatment of hypertension, ACE inhibitors are as effective as diuretics, (3-adrenoceptor antagonists, or calcium channel blockers in lowering blood pressure. However, increased survival rates have only been demonstrated for diuretics and (3-adrenoceptor antagonists. ACE inhibitors are approved for monotherapy as well as for combinational regimes. ACE inhibitors are the dtugs of choice for the treatment of hypertension with renal diseases, particularly diabetic nephropathy, because they prevent the progression of renal failure and improve proteinuria more efficiently than the other diugs. 

At present, no diugs exist that can selectively activate a2-receptor subtypes. Clonidine stimulates all three a2-subtypes with similar potency. Clonidine lowers blood pressure in patients with hypertension and it decreases sympathetic overactivity during opioid withdrawal. In intensive and postoperative care, clonidine is a potent sedative and analgesic and can prevent postoperative shivering. Clonidine and its derivative brimonidine lower... 

Recent consensus committees, including the Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI) and the World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension (WHO-ISH) Guidelines Subcommittee, have modified traditional treatment recommendations in several important ways. 

BAYK8644 is a DHP with Ca2+ channel activating properties. Although some therapeutic effects can be envisaged for such drugs (such as stimulation of glucose-dependent insulin secretion, positive inotropy), severe side effects are also predicted from animal studies (dystonic neurobehavioral syndrome, hypertension, arrhythmias), which currently prevents their clinical development. 

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