Hyperlipemia

Type 1 Von Gierke s disease Deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase Liver cells and renal tubule cells loaded with glycogen. Hypoglycemia, lactic-acidemia, ketosis, hyperlipemia. 

Most commonly, the lipid metabolism pathology is manifest as hyperlipemia (elevated concentration of lipids in blood) and tissue lipidoses (excessive lipid de-position in tissues). Normally, the lipid contents in the blood plasma are total lipids, 4-8 g/litre triglycerides, 0.5-2.1 mmol/litre total phospholipids, 2.0-3.5 mmol/litre total cholesterol, 4.0-8.0 mmol/litre (esterified cholesterol accounts for 2/3 of total cholesterol). 

Hyperlipemia may manifest itself by an increased concentration of lipids, or certain groups thereof. For example, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceri-demia may be mentioned in this connection. Since practically all the blood plasma lipids make part of lipoproteins, hyperlipemias may be reduced to one of the hyper-lipoproteinemia forms which differ in the varied ratios of plasma lipoproteins of different groups. 

Fat. The alimentary hyperlipemia following the administration of a standard fat-containing meal can be measured by various... 

F. Antohe, L. Radulescu, E. Puchianu, M. D. Kennedy, P. S. Low, and M. Simionescu. Increased uptake of folate conjugates by activated macrophages in experimental hyperlipemia. Cell Tissue Res. 320 277-285 (2005). 

The design of safe sweeteners is very important for people who are afiected by diabetes, hyperlipemia, caries and other diseases that are linked to sugar consumption. Sweet proteins, which are found in several tropical plants, are many times (100-100,000) sweeter than sucrose on a molar basis. Only a few sweet proteins are known miraculin, monellin, thaumatin, curculin, mabinlin. 

Indications Indigestion and retention of food, abdominal distention, anorexia, abdominal pain and diarrhea postpartum abdominal pain and lochiorrhea due to blood retention hypertension hyperlipemia angina pectoris of coronary heart disease. 

Choi JS, Yokozawa T, Oura H. (1991) Improvement of hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia in streptozotocin-diabetic rats by a methanolic extract of Prams davidiana stems and its main component, prunin. Planta Med 57 208-211. 

Adverse reactions occurring in 3% or more of patients include tremor, acne, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, increased serum creatinine, edema, hypercholesterolemia, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hyperlipemia, hypophosphatemia, peripheral edema, weight gain, rash, dyspepsia, vomiting, anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, dyspnea, pharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, abdominal pain, asthenia, back/chest pain, fever, headache, pain, arthralgia, urinary tract infection, hypertension. 

DNA synthesis inhibition. Ethanol (90%) extract of the dried entire plant at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL, was active " " ". Fibrinolytic activity. Ether extracts of the dried gum and gum resin, administered orally to 10 healthy subjects fed 100 g of butter to produce alimentary hyperlipemia, were active " "". ... 

Plasma lipids are transported in complexes called lipoproteins. Metabolic disorders that involve elevations in any lipoprotein species are termed hyperlipoproteinemias or hyperlipidemias. Hyperlipemia denotes increased levels of triglycerides. 

The two major clinical sequelae of hyperlipidemias are acute pancreatitis and atherosclerosis. The former occurs in patients with marked hyperlipemia. Control of triglycerides can prevent recurrent attacks of this life-threatening disease. 

The herbs in this group can be selected as chief and deputies to dissolve congealed blood they can also stimulate blood circulation. They are mainly used to treat the more severe or chronic syndromes of blood stagnation where the blood becomes thicker and blood clots are formed, such as in atherosclerosis, hyperlipemia, thrombosis, endometriosis, adhesions in chronic infection and after surgical operations. 

Alcohol may release epinephrine, which leads to transient hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia. Therefore, alcohol consumption is contraindicated in those with diabetes. Alcohol causes diuresis by... 

Kaysen GA, Gambertoglio J, Felts J, Hutchison FN. Albumin synthesis, albuminuria and hyperlipemia in nephrotic patients. Kid Int 1987 31 1368-1376. 

Inoue Y, Goto H, Horinuki R et al. (1990) Experimental atherosclerosis in the rat carotid artery induced by balloon de-endothelialization and hyperlipemia. A histological and biochemical study. J Jpn Atheroscler Soc 18 1147-1154... 

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have various physiological functions and are widely used as pharmaceuticals, neutraceuticals, and as food additives. The ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been used for the treatment of arteriosclerosis and hyperlipemia since 1991 in Japan (Hara, 1993). DHA possesses not only similar physiological activities to those of EPA, but also an important function in the brain and retina (Hung, 2007). In addition, DHA accelerates the growth of preterm infants as does arachidonic acid (Carlson et al., 1993 Lanting et al., 1994). From these reasons, DHA ethyl ester (DHAEE) is currently expected to be used as a medicine, and the development of the purification methods is desired. 

PUFAs are potent inhibitors of the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme and similar to statins are useful in the treatment of hyperlipidemias (99-102). Statins enhance plasma AA levels and decrease the ratio of EPA to AA significantly (100). This finding suggests that PUFAs mediate many actions of statins (103) and that this could be one mechanism by which they lower cholesterol levels. Statins and PUFAs have many overlap actions such as the inhibition of IL-6 and TNF-a production and NF-kB activation plus the ability to enhance eNO production thus, both possess anti-inflammatory actions and both are useful in atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, osteoporosis, stroke, Alzheimer s disease, and inflammatory conditions such as lupus and cancer (3, 4, 94, 104-121). These similar and overlap actions strongly indicate that the molecular mechanisms of actions of statins and PUFAs are similar, if not identical. Furthermore, when a combination of statins and PUFAs are given together, a synergistic beneficial effect was seen in patients with combined hyperlipemia (122). 

Massive enlargement of the liver. Failure to thrive. Severe hypoglycemia, ketosis, hyperuricemia, hyperlipemia. 

LI. Lever, W. F., Smith, P. A. J., Hurley, N. A., Effect of intravenous heparin on the plasma lipoproteins in primary hypercholesteremic and idiopathic hyperlipemia. Science 118, 653-654 (1953). 

Navder, K.P., Baraona, E., Lieber, C.S. Polyenylphosphatidylcholine attenuates alcohol-induced fatty liver and hyperlipemia in rats. J. Nutr. 1997 127 1800-1806... 

The formulation of TPN solutions is described elsewhere (Spurlock Ward 1991). It is important to mix the dextrose and amino acids prior to adding the lipids, since the pH of the amino acid solution can crack the lipid emulsion (Spurlock Ward 1991). In some patients, such as those with pre-existing hyperlipemia or developing hyperlipemia in response to initial TPN, the solution may be formulated without lipids. In critically ill human patients, the inclusion or exclusion of lipids has no effect on mortality or morbidity (Heyland et al 1998). Formulating TPN without lipids significantly reduces the cost. 

Peripheral vascular disease is hyperlipemia form atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis resulting in decreased circulation to the extremities and is characterized by ... 

By HPLC, the reference interval for serum p-carotene is 10 to 85pg/dL (0.19 to 1.58pmoI/L). Elevated levels are found in hypothyroid patients in whom conversion to vitamin A is decreased and in patients with hyperlipemia associated with diabetes mellitus. 

Inactivation or removal of plasma enzymes may be accomplished by several processes denaturation of the enzyme due to dilution in plasma or separation from its natural substrate or coenzyme presence of enzyme inhibitors (e.g., falsely decreased activity of amylase in acute pancreatitis with hyperlipemia) removal by the reticuloendothelial system digestion by circulating proteinases uptake by tissues and subsequent degradation by tissue proteinases and clearance by the kidneys of enzymes of low molecular mass (amylase and lysozyme). 

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