Hydroxide hydrate

A soluble sodium tripolyphosphate is produced as are iasoluble lanthanide and thorium hydroxides (hydrated oxides). 

Catalyst A mixture of 5.26 g of rhodium chloride trihydrate, 0.34 g of palladium chloride, 18 g of carbon (Darco G-60), and 200 ml of water is rapidly stirred and heated to 80°. A solution of lithium hydroxide hydrate (2.7 g) in 10 ml of water is added in one portion and the heating discontinued. Stirring is continued overnight, after which the mixture is filtered and washed with 100 ml of 0.5 % aqueous acetic acid. The product is dried in a vacuum oven at 65°. About 20 g of the catalyst is thus obtained. 

Eali-hydrat, n. potassium hydroxide, -hydrat-I6stmg, /. potassium hydroxide solution, potash lye. -kalk, m. potash lime. Kalikodruck, m. calico printing. 

Natron-hydrat, n. sodium hydroxide, -hydrat-Idsung,/. sodium hydroxide solution, -hyper-oxyd, n, sodium peroxide, -kalk, m, soda lime, -kalkglas, n. soda-lime glass, -kalk-rohr, n., -kalkrohre, /. soda-lime tube. -la.uge, /. soda lye, solution of caustic soda. 

Pourbaix has evaluated all possible equilibria between a metal M and HjO (see Table 1.7) and has consolidated the data into a single potential-pH diagram, which provides a pictorial summary of the anions and cations (nature and activity) and solid oxides (hydroxides, hydrated oxides and oxides) that are at equilibrium at any given pH and potential a similar approach has been adopted for certain M-H2O-X systems where A" is a non-metal, e.g. Cr, CN , CO, SOj , POj", etc. at a defined concentration. These diagrams give the activities of the metal cations and anions at any specified E and pH, and in order to define corrosion in terms of an equilibrium activity, Pourbaix has selected the arbitrary value of 10 ° g ion/1, i.e. corrosion of a metal is defined in terms of the pH and potential that give an equilibrium activity of metal cations or anions > 10 g ion/1 conversely, passivity and immunity are defined in terms of an equilibrium activity of < 10 g ion/1. (Note that g ion/1 is used here because this is the unit used by Pourbaix in the S.I, the relative activity is dimensionless.)... 

M sulphuric acid at 25 °C is 1.43 0.05 volts. It can be used only in acid solution, best in 0.5M or higher concentrations as the solution is neutralised, cerium(IV) hydroxide [hydrated cerium(IV) oxide] or basic salts precipitate. The solution has an intense yellow colour, and in hot solutions which are not too dilute the end point may be detected without an indicator this procedure, however, necessitates the application of a blank correction, and it is therefore preferable to add a suitable indicator. 

Cornell, R. M., R. Giovanoli, and W. Schneider (1989), "Review of the Hydrology of Iron(III) and the Crystallization of Amorphous Iron(III) Hydroxide Hydrate", J. Chem. Techn. Biology 46, 115-134. 

Such special atmosphere is often necessary in decomposition and rehydration studies of hydroxides, hydrates etc. Furthermore also the catalytic effect of water vapor on certain reactions is of interest. For such studies the gas is saturated with water, or other vapors e.g. D20, alcohol, CS2, etc. When higher water vapor concentrations are required special furnaces are available (see Sect. 2.4). 

Barium hydroxide (hydrate) [Ba(OH)2] exists in several forms and has many uses in oil and grease additives, water treatment, vulcanization of rubber, and the manufacture of soaps, beet sugar, glass, and steel. 

Review of the hydrolysis ofiron(lll) and the crystallization of amorphous iron(lll) hydroxide hydrate. J. Chem. Techn. Biotechn. 46 115-134... 

Alumina forms hydroxide in aqueous alkaline solution. The reaction is slow. The products, aluminum hydroxides (hydrated aluminas), contain hexacoordinated aluminohydroxide anion ... 

Synonyms ferric hydroxide hydrated iron(III) oxide. 

The hydroxide so formed will react with the metal ion to form the metal hydroxide, hydrated oxide, or oxide, depending on the relative stability of the various oxides and hydroxides. (The resulting hydroxides or oxy hydroxides can be heated in air or oxygen to form the oxides.) In addition, insoluble carbonates may also form. The competition between hydroxide and carbonate will depend on their solubility products. Carbonates tend to be more solnble than hydroxides of the same metal ion. On the other hand, the valne of K for equilibrium (3.32) (1.8 X 10 " ) means that the concentration of hydroxide will be ca. four orders of magnitude less than that of carbonate (assnming no other pH-determining species is present). 

Alumina trihydrate alumina hydrate alumina hydrated aluminum oxide trihydrate aluminum oxide hydrate aluminum (III) hydroxide hydrated alumina hydrated aluminum oxide3 aluminum hydrate aluminum trihydrate hydrated aluminad... 

A new and convenient synthesis of 3-(substituted)-2,4,6-triphenylverdazyls involves crown ether assisted solid-liquid phase transfer catalysis of reactions of triphenylformazans with alkyl bromides (or 1-alkylbenzotriazoles) also using barium hydroxide hydrate catalysis (Scheme 8) [94CJC1849]. 

Filter-off the cathode liquid, if desired, and then perform a little experiment Add a few drops of the anode liquid to a small sample of your cathode liquid. Wham What you get is a gelatinous precipitate of ferrous hydroxide hydrate. The cathode liquid will contain sodium hydroxide, commonly called lye. Use this solution to unclog your sink, or simply discard it. If you want, you can play around with it a little. Take some aluminum foil, and drop it into your cathode liquid. Watch as the sodium hydroxide in the cathode liquid consumes the aluminum foil, producing hydrogen gas. 

Ternary complexes called soda celluloses can form between cellulose, sodium hydroxide, and water [310]. In these complexes, some of the water molecules of the sodium hydroxide hydrates are replaced by the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose [310]. The x-ray diffraction diagrams have been obtained for five soda celluloses as intermediates in the formation of cellulose II from cellulose I [310,316]. 

Uranium can exist in five oxidation states +2, +3, +4, +5, and +6 (Lide 1994) however, only the +4 and +6 states are stable enough to be of practical importance. Tetravalent uranium is reasonably stable and forms hydroxides, hydrated fluorides, and phosphates of low solubility. Hexavalent uranium is the most stable state, and the most commonly occurring state is UjOg, although there are a few localized storage locations for anthropogenic uranium hexafluoride (UFg) (EPA 1991). Major compounds of uranium include oxides, fluorides, carbides, nitrates, chlorides, acetates, and others. One of the characteristics of 002" ions is their ability to fluoresce under ultraviolet light. 

Significance of the terms hydroxide, hydrate, anhydriae, and hydroxyl. 

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