Insoluble carbonates

Alcohols R3C-OH NA Five carbons or less soluble, more than five carbons insoluble... 

Sodium carbonate Soda (NajO, other than carbonate) Insoluble and undetermined... 

The sodio sulphate (technically temed tdU take) ia next heated with calcic carbonate and small coal. The carbon reduces the sodio sulphate to sulphide, and the calojo carbonate transforms the sodio sulphide into sodio carbonate, insoluble calcic osysulpbide being simultaneously produced —... 

Deoxy-D-araMno-hexose (0.8 g, 4.88 mmol) is dissolved in concentrated hydrochloric acid (5 mL) and ethanethiol (2 mL), and the mixture is shaken overnight at room temperature. Ethanol (50 mL) is added, and the solution is neutralized with lead carbonate. Insoluble salts are filtered and washed with ethanol (20 mL). Evaporation affords a syrup (0.5 g, 40%), which crystallizes slowly and can be recrystallized from acetone-ether mp 132°C, [ojp -8.8° (c 23, methanol). A fader procedure, employing essentially the same conditions, reports a yield of 69% [18]. 

Chloride, nitrate, and sulfate soluble in water oxide and carbonate insoluble.1... 

A major chemical plant dissolved inorganic slurry solids in a series of three fiberglass vessels. Most employees considered this section of the plant as one of the nonhazardous areas of this chemical complex. This area handled a relatively cool sodium chloride (table salt) water stream that was saturated with insoluble salts such as calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. The slurry contained about 30-percent calcium carbonate. Insoluble carbonates are treated with hydrochloric acid in two agitated vessels to allow a reaction to liberate carbon dioxide and form a soluble salt. The reaction is a simple one ... 

Insoluble in carbon Soluble in carbon Insoluble in carbon... 

Oxalyl - p - aminophenylarsinic acid, COaH.CO.NH-CgHgAsO (011)2. — mixture of 347 grams of sodium p-arsanilate and 378 grams of crystallised oxalic acid are heated at a temperature of 120° to 180° C. until the bulk of the water is driven off, the temperature then being slowly raised to 160° C., until the mass becomes pulverulent. After cooling, it is mixed with 3000 e.c. of water, 390 c.c. of hydrochloric acid (density 1 12) are added and the mixture stirred for thirty minutes. The crude product is dissolved in 700 c.c. of cold water and 200 c.c. of 7N sodium hydroxide, the filtered solution being treated with 890 c.c. of hydrochloric acid (density 1 12) to precipitate the oxalyl derivative. The latter is a white powder, unmelted at 860° C., soluble in hot water, alkali hydroxide and carbonate, insoluble in acids and sparingly soluble in methyl alcohol. 

Calcium carbonate Insoluble in water (Cal-Carb , Millicarb , Pharma-Carb , Sturcal )... 

Sixty parts of freshly precipitated mercuric oxide and 50 >arts of 2 G dihydroxy-l imino-dihydropyrimidine-3-acetic add (sodium salt) in 200 parts of watx r are shaken for ten liours. The greater part of tlie rnereurie oxide dissolves. The liltrate is concentrated in vacuo and the residue treated with pure alcohol, the mercury deri ative being ])recipitated pure in a crystalline form. It is extremely solulde in water, alkalies, or carbonates, insoluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, or bcjizene. Tlie eDm >ound has tlie constitution -... 

The solids from the furnace are shredded and leached prior to magnetic separation of iron and nickel scrap from nonmagnetic solids. The leaching solution contains suspended oxides of manganese, carbon, insoluble zinc salts, and some dissolved salts. The suspended solids, mostly manganese oxides, are collected by... 

Inoi anic compounds Compounds of all elements other than the organic compounds of carbon Insoluble Describes a substance that will not dissolve in a given solvent... 

The lower members of the series are liquids soluble in water and volatile in steam. As the number of carbon atoms in the molecule increases, the m.p. and b.p. rise and the acids become less soluble in water and less volatile. The higher fatty acids are solids, insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. 

Nylon A class of synthetic fibres and plastics, polyamides. Manufactured by condensation polymerization of ct, oj-aminomonocarboxylic acids or of aliphatic diamines with aliphatic dicarboxylic acids. Also rormed specifically, e.g. from caprolactam. The different Nylons are identified by reference to the carbon numbers of the diacid and diamine (e.g. Nylon 66 is from hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid). Thermoplastic materials with high m.p., insolubility, toughness, impact resistance, low friction. Used in monofilaments, textiles, cables, insulation and in packing materials. U.S. production 1983 11 megatonnes. 

A selection of important anionic surfactants is displayed in table C2.3.1. Carboxylic acid salts or tire soaps are tire best known anionic surfactants. These materials were originally derived from animal fats by saponification. The ionized carboxyl group provides tire anionic charge. Examples witlr hydrocarbon chains of fewer tlran ten carbon atoms are too soluble and tliose witlr chains longer tlran 20 carbon atoms are too insoluble to be useful in aqueous applications. They may be prepared witlr cations otlrer tlran sodium. 

As with the hydroxides, we find that whilst the carbonates of most metals are insoluble, those of alkali metals are soluble, so that they provide a good source of the carbonate ion COf in solution the alkali metal carbonates, except that of lithium, are stable to heat. Group II carbonates are generally insoluble in water and less stable to heat, losing carbon dioxide reversibly at high temperatures. 

This produces sufficient concentrations of magnesium and calcium ions to render the water hard. The above reaction is readily reversed by boiling the water when the magnesium and calcium ions responsible for the hardness are removed as the insoluble carbonate. 

Calcium, strontium and barium produce characteristic flame colours like the Group 1 cations (calcium, orange strontium, red barium, green) and flame photometry can be used for their estimation. All give insoluble carbonates in neutral solution. 

On standing, gelatinous aluminium hydroxide, which may initially have even more water occluded than indicated above, is converted into a form insoluble in both acids and alkalis, which is probably a hydrated form of the oxide AI2O3. Both forms, however, have strong adsorptive power and will adsorb dyes, a property long used by the textile trade to dye rayon. The cloth is first impregnated with an aluminium salt (for example sulphate or acetate) when addition of a little alkali, such as sodium carbonate, causes aluminium hydroxide to deposit in the pores of the material. The presence of this aluminium hydroxide in the cloth helps the dye to bite by ad sorbing it—hence the name mordant (Latin mordere = to bite) dye process. 

Silicon, like carbon, is unaffected by dilute acids. Powdered silicon dissolves incompletely in concentrated nitric acid to give insoluble silicon dioxide, SiOj ... 

Most metal carbonates are insoluble and they are precipitated either as the simple carbonate or as the basic carbonate when... 

If the hydrogencarbonate is in solution and the cation is Ca or Mg. the insoluble carbonate is precipitated this reaction may be used, therefore, to remove hardness in water by precipitation of Ca or Mg ions.) The ease of decomposition of hydrogencar-bonates affords a test to distinguish between a hydrogencarbonate and a carbonate carbon dioxide is evolved by a hydrogencarbonate, but not by a carbonate, if it is heated, either as the solid or in solution, on a boiling water bath. 

It must be kept under an atmosphere of nitrogen or carbon dioxide it reduces, for example, Fe(III) to Fe(II) and nitro-organic compounds RNO2 to amines RNH2 (it may be used quantitatively to estimate nitro-compounds). In neutral solution, hydrolysis occurs to give species such as [Ti(0H)(H20)s], and with alkali an insoluble substance formulated as Ti203 aq is produced this is rapidly oxidised in air. 

Zinc(II) oxide, ZnO, is prepared by heating the hydroxide ZnlOH) or the carbonate ZnCOj. It is a white solid, insoluble in water, but readily soluble in acids to give a solution containing the zincfll) cation, and in alkalis to give a hydroxozincate(II) anion ... 

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