Lithium hydroxide hydrate

Catalyst A mixture of 5.26 g of rhodium chloride trihydrate, 0.34 g of palladium chloride, 18 g of carbon (Darco G-60), and 200 ml of water is rapidly stirred and heated to 80°. A solution of lithium hydroxide hydrate (2.7 g) in 10 ml of water is added in one portion and the heating discontinued. Stirring is continued overnight, after which the mixture is filtered and washed with 100 ml of 0.5 % aqueous acetic acid. The product is dried in a vacuum oven at 65°. About 20 g of the catalyst is thus obtained. 

E,E)-2,4-Alkadienoic esters. Lithium hydroxide hydrate can be used as a base to effect the Emmons-Wadsworth reaction of 4-phosphonocrotonates with aldehydes. 

Also obtained by reaction of dimethyl sulfate with 4-hydroxy-3 -nitroacetophenone in the presence of lithium hydroxide hydrate in THF at 70° for 1.5 h (72%) [3936],... 

For hydrolysis, a solution of 199 (R = CHMOj) (260 mg, 0.41 mmol) and lithium hydroxide hydrate (420mg, lOmmol) in water-THF (1 2, 5mi) was stirred at room temperature for 3 days. The mixture was poured into water (10 mi) and extracted with diethyl ether to recover the auxiliary 2-(Af-mesitylenesulfonyl)amino-l-phenyl-1-propanol (190 mg, 96% yield). The aqueous layer was acidified (pH = 3) with 1N HCl and extracted with ether. The ethereal extracts were washed with brine and dried with MgSO. Filtration and concentration gave an oily residue, which was essentially pure (2J ,3J )-3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid by NMR. The crude acid was treated with excess diazomethane solution in ether at 0°C. Concentration and purification by chromatography afforded (2J ,3R)-methyl 3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethylpentanoate (66 mg, 88%) [ce]p =-11.5 (c 0.85, CHCI3). 

Lithium hydroxide 1-hydrate, formation of, from lithium hydroperoxide 1-hydrate, 6 3 Lithium nitride, 4 1 Lithium oxide, 6 1, 5 Lithium peroxide, 5 1... 

Lithium polysulphides-—Fusion of lithium hydroxide with sulphur yields a yellow mass like liver of sulphur, probably consisting of polysulphides of lithium. Berzelius isolated a hydrated disulphide, Li2S2, iH20, by concentrating an aqueous solution of the monosulphide. 

One can see that decomposition temperatures of these compounds are within temperature range 40-600°C. Some compounds, such as monohydrate of lithium hydroxide (40°C), hydrated titanium dioxide (60°C), iron hydroxide (100°C), manganese (145°C) and cobalt (150°C) hydroxides, tungsten acid (180°C), etc., start to release water at relatively low temperatures. Other compounds decompose at a temperature above 200°C. No correlation between formation enthalpy and thermal stability of hydroxides and hydrated oxides is observed. 

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