Potassium hydrate hydroxide

Hydroxide. Potassium hydroxide, [CAS 1310-58-3]. caustic potash, potassium hydrate, KOH, white solid, soluble, mp 380 C, formed (1) by reaction of potassium carbonate and calcium hydroxide in H2O, and then separation of the solution and evaporation. (2) by electrolysis of potassium chloride under the proper conditions, and evaporation. Used in the preparation of potassium salts f 1) in solution, and (2) upon fusion. Also used 111 the manufacture of (3) soaps, (4) drugs. (5) dyes, (6) alkaline batteries, (7) adhesives, (8) fertilizers, (9) alkylates, (10) for purifying industrial gases, (11) for scrubbing out traces of hydrofluoric add in processing equipment, (12) as a drain-pipe cleaner, and (13) in asphalt emulsions. 

POTASSE CAUSTIQUE (FRENCH) POTASSIO (IDROSSIDO di) (ITALIAN) POTASSIUM HYDRATE (DOT) POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE, dr>-, soUd, flake, bead, or granular (DOT) POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE, Uquid or solution (DOT) POTASSIUM (HYDROXYDE de) (FRENCH)... 

Potassium hydroxid—Potassium hydrate—Potash—Potassa— Common caustic— Potassa (U. S.)—Potassa caustica (Br.)—KHO— 56—is obtained by a process similar to that used in manufacturing NaHO. It is purified by solution in alcohol, evaporation and fusion in a silver basin, and casting in silver moulds—potash by alcohol it i s then free from KCl and KsSO<, but contains small quantities of KjCOs, and frequently As. 

Potassium hydrate. See Potassium hydroxide Potassium hydride... 

Potassium hydrogen tartrate. See Potassium acid tartrate Potassium hydroxide CAS 1310-58-3 EINECS/ELINCS 215-181-3 UN 1813 (DOT) UN 1814 (DOT) INS525 E525 Synonyms Caustic potash Lye Potash lye Potassa Potassium hydrate Classification Inorganic base Empirical HKO Formula KOH... 

Potassium hydroxide (Potassium hydrate, caustic potash) CAS 1310-58-3 KOH... 

Hydroxide. Both Pu(III) and Pu(IV) may be precipitated from mineral acid solution by sodium, potassium or ammonium hydroxide as hydrated hydroxides or hydrous oxides. Care must be taken in redissolving Pu(IV) hydroxide in acid to prevent formation of Pu(IV) polymer, by maintaining a high acid concentration during the dissolution. Once formed, the polymer dissolves very slowly in acid solutions. This subject is treated more fully in the section on polymeric Pu(IV). 

Deliquescence and efflorescence. A substance is said to deliquesce (Latin to become liquid) when it forms a solution or liquid phase upon standing in the air. The essential condition is that the vapour pressure of the saturated solution of the highest hydrate at the ordinary temperature should be less than the partial pressure of the aqueous vapour in the atmosphere. Water will be absorbed by the substance, which gradually liquefies to a saturated solution water vapour will continue to be absorbed by the latter until an unsaturated solution, having the same vapour pressure as the partial pressure of water vapour in the air, is formed. In order that the vapour pressure of the saturated solution may be sufficiently low, the substance must be extremely soluble in water, and it is only such substances (e.g., calcium chloride, zinc chloride and potassium hydroxide) that deliquesce. 

Pyridine. The analytical reagent grade pyridine will satisfy most requirements. If required perfectly dry, it should be refluxed over potassium or sodium hydroxide pellets or over barium monoxide, and then distilled with careful exclusion of moisture (compare Fig. 77, 47, 2). It is hygroscopic, and forms a hydrate of b.p. 94-5°. Pure pyridine has b.p. 115-5°/760 mm. 

Place 36 -0 g. of redistilled acetophenone, b.p. 201° (Section IV,136), 300 ml. of diethylene glycol, 30 ml. of 90 per cent, hydrazine hydrate and 40 g. of potassium hydroxide pellets in a 500 ml. Claisen flask provided with a reflux condenser and a thermometer dipping into the liquid (compare Fig. Ill, 31, 1). Warm the mixture on a boiling water bath until most of the potassium hydroxide has dissolved and then reflux (free flame) for one hour. Arrange the apparatus for distillation and distil until the temperature in the liquid rises to 175° (1) keep the distillate (ca. 50 ml.). Replace the reflux condenser in the flask and continue the refluxing for 3 hours. 

The independent preparation of potassium phthabmide (from a solution of phthalimide in absolute ethanol and potassium hydroxide in 75 per cent, ethanol) may be avoided in many cases by boiling phthalimide with the halide in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. The N-substituted phthalimide (I) is frequently cleav with difficulty this is often facilitated by reaction with hydrazine hydrate to give an intermediate product, which is easily decomposed by hydrochloric acid to 3deld the insoluble hydrazide of phthaUc acid (II) and the primary amine (III) ... 

Benzylatnine. Warm an alcoholic suspension of 118-5 g. of finely-powdered benzyl phthalimide with 25 g. of 100 per cent, hydrazine hydrate (CAUTION corrosive liquid) a white, gelatinous precipitate is produced rapidly. Decompose the latter (when its formation appears complete) by heating with excess of hydrochloric acid on a steam bath. Collect the phthalyl hydrazide which separates by suction filtration, and wash it with a little water. Concentrate the filtrate by distillation to remove alcohol, cool, filter from the small amount of precipitated phthalyl hydrazide, render alkaline with excess of sodium hydroxide solution, and extract the liberated benzylamine with ether. Dry the ethereal solution with potassium hydroxide pellets, remove the solvent (compare Fig. //, 13, 4) on a water bath and finally distil the residue. Collect the benzylamine at 185-187° the 3ueld is 50 g. 

Hydrated Stannic Oxide. Hydrated stannic oxide of variable water content is obtained by the hydrolysis of stannates. Acidification of a sodium stannate solution precipitates the hydrate as a flocculent white mass. The colloidal solution, which is obtained by washing the mass free of water-soluble ions and peptization with potassium hydroxide, is stable below 50°C and forms the basis for the patented Tin Sol process for replenishing tin in staimate tin-plating baths. A similar type of solution (Staimasol A and B) is prepared by the direct electrolysis of concentrated potassium staimate solutions (26). 

Vinyl chloride reacts with sulfides, thiols, alcohols, and oximes in basic media. Reaction with hydrated sodium sulfide [1313-82-2] in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide [67-68-5] (DMSO) and potassium hydroxide [1310-58-3], KOH, yields divinyl sulfide [627-51-0] and sulfur-containing heterocycles (27). Various vinyl sulfides can be obtained by reacting vinyl chloride with thiols in the presence of base (28). Vinyl ethers are produced in similar fashion, from the reaction of vinyl chloride with alcohols in the presence of a strong base (29,30). A variety of pyrroles and indoles have also been prepared by reacting vinyl chloride with different ketoximes or oximes in a mixture of DMSO and KOH (31). 

The composition of the Hquid phase during the early hydration of Portiand cements is controlled mainly by the solution of calcium, sulfate, sodium, and potassium ions. Very Httie alumina, siHca, or iron are present in solution. Calcium hydroxide, as calcium oxide, and gypsum, as calcium sulfate, alone have solubihties of about 1.1 and 2.1 g/L at 25°C, respectively. In the presence of alkaHes released in the first 7 min, the composition tends to be governed by the equiHbrium ... 

Chloroform and water at 0°C form six-sided crystals of a hydrate, CHCl I8H2O [67922-19-41which decompose at 1.6°C. Chloroform does not decompose appreciably when in prolonged contact with water at ordinary temperature and in the absence of air. However, on prolonged heating with water at 225°C, decomposition to formic acid, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen chloride occurs. A similar hydrolysis takes place when chloroform is decomposed at elevated temperature by potassium hydroxide. 

Potassium hydroxide gives better results than does sodium hydroxide since, if the latter is used, the large amount of hydrated sodium sulfate which separates from the solution prevents efficient cooling. 

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