Hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon phenols

Almost insoluble in cold water. Higher alcohols (including benzyl alcohol), higher phenols (e.g., naphthols), metaformaldehyde, paraldehyde, aromatic aldehydes, higher ketones (including acetophenone), aromatic acids, most esters, ethers, oxamide and domatic amides, sulphonamides, aromatic imides, aromatic nitriles, aromatic acid anhydrides, aromatic acid chlorides, sulphonyl chlorides, starch, aromatic amines, anilides, tyrosine, cystine, nitrocompounds, uric acid, halogeno-hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons. 

By interaction of hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen chloride with an anxnatic compound (hydrocarbon, phenol or phenol ether) in the presence of aluminium chloride (or zinc chloride). This is known as the Gattermann... 

The process is carried at moderate (slightly above atmospheric) pressures, but at very high temperatures that reach a maximum of 1900°C. Even though the reaction time is short (0.6—0.8 s) the high temperature prevents the occurrence of any condensable hydrocarbons, phenols, and/or tar in the product gas. The absence of Hquid simplifies the subsequent gas clean-up steps. 

Nitrous acid or nitrite salts may be used to catalyze the nitration of easily nitratable aromatic hydrocarbons, eg, phenol or phenoHc ethers. It has been suggested that a nitrosonium ion (NO + ) attacks the aromatic, resulting initially in the formation of a nitro so aromatic compound (13). Oxidation of the nitro so aromatic then occurs ... 

Supercritical CO2 has also beea tested as a solveat for the removal of organic contaminants from sod. At 60°C and 41.4 MPa (6,000 psi), more than 95% of contaminants, such as diesel fuel and polychlotinated biphenyls (PCBs), may be removed from sod samples (77). Supercritical CO2 can also extract from sod the foUowiag hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, chlotinated hydrocarbons, phenols, chlotinated phenols, and many pesticides (qv) and herbicides (qv). Sometimes a cosolvent is required for extracting the more polar contaminants (78). 

Mangun, C. L., Daley, M. A., Braatz, R. D. and Economy, J., Effect of pore size on adsorption of hydrocarbons in phenolic-based activated carbon fibers. Carbon, 1998,36(12), 123 129. 

Standard-grade PSAs are usually made from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), natural rubber, or blends thereof in solution. In addition to rubbers, polyacrylates, polymethylacrylates, polyfvinyl ethers), polychloroprene, and polyisobutenes are often components of the system ([198], pp. 25-39). These are often modified with phenolic resins, or resins based on rosin esters, coumarones, or hydrocarbons. Phenolic resins improve temperature resistance, solvent resistance, and cohesive strength of PSA ([196], pp. 276-278). Antioxidants and tackifiers are also essential components. Sometimes the tackifier will be a lower molecular weight component of the high polymer system. The phenolic resins may be standard resoles, alkyl phenolics, or terpene-phenolic systems ([198], pp. 25-39 and 80-81). Pressure-sensitive dispersions are normally comprised of special acrylic ester copolymers with resin modifiers. The high polymer base used determines adhesive and cohesive properties of the PSA. 

Table 6 List of a Few Long-Chain Hydrocarbon Phenols [ 133]...

C. K. S. Pillai, C. Pavithran, A. R. R. Menon, V. S. Prasad, J. D. Sudha, V. G. Jayakumari, M. Brahmaku-mar, P. Anandan, and A. D. Damodaran, Specialty Polymers from Long Chain Hydrocarbon Phenols, Project Completion Report, Regional Research Laboratory, Trivandrum (1994). 

The formation and reaction of peroxyl radicals derived by reaction of tervalent phosphorus compounds with oxygen have attracted interest. Photolysis of trialkyl phosphites in oxygenated solutions of aromatic hydrocarbons gives phenols. " Phosphorus trichloride reacts with 1,2-dichloroethylene, in the presence of oxygen, to give (17). It is tempting to suggest that both reactions occur via similar intermediates, e.g. (15) and (16). 

Both in situ microcosms and laboratory systems were used to compare and evalnate first-order rates of degradation for a range of mixed snbstrates inclnding aromatic hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds (Nielsen et al. 1996). The observed rates were comparable, althongh no systematic differences were observed with the exception of 2,6-dichlorophenol, which was not degraded in the laboratory system. 

The degradation of aromatic compounds including hydrocarbons and phenols has attracted interest over many years, for several reasons ... 

Investigations have examined applications to monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. 

The balance of the compounds in Table VIII support the earlier statement that any compound containing fluorine is toxic to moths. These fluorinated hydrocarbons, phenols, acids, sulfonic acids, and sulfones probably act against moths as stomach poisons. The fluorosulfonic acid derivatives and the sulfone with a fluorinated substituent were key compounds whose toxicity to moths laid the groundwork for the deductions which led to the synthesis and testing of DDT as an insecticide. 

Oil and grease (mineral) Chlorinated hydrocarbons Phenolic compounds... 

The hydrocarbon-phenol reaction, catalysed by the etherate, was being run in petroleum ether solution in a sealed pressure bottle. The bottle burst, possibly owing to exothermic polymerisation of the diene. 

The reaction of active hydrocarbons, phenols, and related compounds with tetrasulfur tetranitride affords fused thiadiazoles, and this chemistry is well documented in CHEC(1984) <1984CHEC(6)513> and CHEC-II(1996) <1996CHEC-II(4)355>. No recent work has been reported. 

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, phenols Extraction with methylene dichloride GC-MS, HPLC [530]... 

The addition of hydroxyl radicals to benzene ring of alkylaromatic hydrocarbon gives phenolic compounds. Phenols retard oxidation, terminating the chains (see Part II). 

Aryl and alkyl hydroxylations, epoxide formation, oxidative dealkylation of heteroatoms, reduction, dehalogenation, desulfuration, deamination, aryl N-oxygenation, oxidation of sulfur Oxidation of nucleophilic nitrogen and sulfur, oxidative desulfurization Oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, amines, and sulfides oxidative dealkylation, reduction of N-oxides Alcohol oxidation reduction of ketones Oxidative deamination... 

Enzymatic transformations of alkaloids by peroxidases most probably occur by single-step oxidations catalyzed by the HRP-I and HRP-II forms of the enzyme. The catalysis of one-electron oxidations of compounds containing aromatic hydrocarbon, hydrazine, phenol, hydroxamic acid, and amine functional groups has been recently reviewed (45, 58, 82). A brief summary of those HRP reactions that involve functional groups most commonly occurring in alkaloids is presented below. 

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