Aromatic hydrocarbon and phenol

Both in situ microcosms and laboratory systems were used to compare and evalnate first-order rates of degradation for a range of mixed snbstrates inclnding aromatic hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds (Nielsen et al. 1996). The observed rates were comparable, althongh no systematic differences were observed with the exception of 2,6-dichlorophenol, which was not degraded in the laboratory system. 

Investigations have examined applications to monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. 

Grbic-Galic, D. (1990). Methanogenic transformation of aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols in groundwater aquifers. Geomicrobiology Journal, 8, 167-200. 

Black Liquor. A by-product of paper manuf, contg tar in addn to a small amt of aromatic hydrocarbons and phenolic compds. It was considered impracticable to use this tar, or any fraction thereof, as a source of raw materials for expls... 

UV/H202 oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbon and phenolic compound and an empirical power-law rate expression were used for the destruction of such compounds (Sundstrom et al., 1989). 

A hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid mixture is also used in the following reactions carbon-carbon bond break [50], aromatic hydrocarbon and phenol oxidation to n-quinones [51], 2,6-dihaloanilines oxidation to nitroso-compounds and synthesis of N-oxides of pyridine... 

Cyclohexane monoterpenes are a chemically diverse group of monoterpenoids that occur in the plant kingdom mainly as hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, and phenols (Fig. 5). The saturated hydrocarbon trans-p-menthme (El) is a constituent of the oil of turpentine and the resin of pine (Pinaceae) trees. Its unsaturated analogs, namely (i )-(- -)-limonene (E2) [present in oil of orange (Citrus aurantium) and mandarin (Citrus reticulata, Rutaceae) peel oil] a-terpinene (E3) and terpinolene (E4) in some Citrus, Juniperus, Mentha and Pinus species (i )-(-)-a-phellandrene (E5) in Eucalyptus phellandra (Myrtaceae) and (5)-(- -)-3-phellandrene (E6) in water feimel (Phel-landrium aquaticum, Umbelliferae), are components of many plant volatile oils. The rich chemical diversity of cyclohexane monoterpene alcohols is apparent from the natural occurrence of all four pairs of / -menthan-3-ol enantiomers, for... 

The reagent has found some use for the oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols to para quinones. Arnold and Lawson " heated a mixture of 10 g. of naphthalene, 25 ml. of 30% hydrogen peroxide, and 50 ml. of acetic acid just above 80° for 45 min., distilled off about half of the solvent, added water to precipitate the product, and by crystallization isolated satisfactory 1,4-naphthoquinone in 20% yield. Durene (5 g.) was heated with HjOa-AcOH for 15 hrs. on the steam bath and duroquinone (2.1 g.) was separated by steam distillation. Crude 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and 2,3-dimethyl-l, 4-naphlhoquinone were obtained in yields of 30 and 78%. Unchanged hydrocarbon wax present at the end of each oxidation. 

Table 1. Biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds under denitrifying conditions by a mixed wastewater culture.

Although the macromolecular material has been found to be qualitatively very similar between the Murchison, Cold Bokkeveld and Orgueil meteorites variations in the ratios between one-ring aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene and alkylated derivaties), two-ring aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols exist between these meteorites (//). Phenol abundances increase in the order Orgueil < Cold Bokkeveld < Murchison, while the one-ring aromatic compounds show the opposite trend. These characteristics may be explained by the effect of aqueous... 

Conversion of Pectins, Starch, and Cellulose to Specific Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phenols during Smoking... 

Gross, G.P, The effect of fuel and vehicle variables on polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon and phenol emissions 1972 Paper No 720210, presented at SAE Automative Engineering Congress Detroit, Michigan, pp. 1-20. 

Creosote is a complex mixture of over 250 individual compounds, dominated by polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and phenolics, and exhibits a wide range of chemical and physical properties. The wide molecular weight distribution of the organic contaminants is an excellent challenge material for a membrane process, allowing for analysis of removal efficiencies over a wide range of feed characteristics. 

Masuda, U., Mori, K., Hirohata, T., and Kuratsune, M., 1966, Carcinogenesis in the esophagus. III. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols in whiskey, Gann 57 549. 

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