Hyacinth, oil

PROP Occurs (in the esterified form) in storax and in balsam Pern, cinnamon leaves, hyacinth oil. Needles or crystalline mass odor of hyacinth. Mp 33°, d 1.0397, bp 250.0°, n (20/D) 1.58190. Sol in water, glycerol, and propylene glycol freely sol in ale, ether, other common org solvs. 

CxHioCK Mr 138.17, bp2j kPa 109 °C, occurs in hyacinth oil and has also been identified in tea. It is a white, crystalline solid (mp 57-58 °C) with an intensely sweet, somewhat herbal, nut-like odor. 

Ckmamyl alcohol (cinnamic alcohol, 3-phenyl-2-pro-pen-l-ol). H5C -CH=CH-CH20H, C,H, 0, Mr 134.17, ( )-form needles with a sweet-balsamy, hyacinth-like odor, mp. 33°C, bp. 258°C, bp. 142-145 C (1.86 kPa), readily soluble in alcohol and ether, it is slowly oxidized by atmospheric oxygen under warmer conditions and on exposure to light. It occurs mostly in the form of cinnamic acid esters (see cinnamic acid) in storax (oil), peru balsam, cinnamon leaf, narcissus, and hyacinth oils. 

Twenty-four years before its detection in nature PEA was first synthesized in 1876 (56) by reducing phenylacetaldehyde [122-78-1] with sodium amalgam. Then, in 1900, it was independently identified in otto of rose (57) and rose water (58). Subsequently, PEA has been identified in numerous flower oils such as ylang-ylang, narcissus, hyacinth, lily, neroH, and geranium as well as various other natural products like tea, tobacco, orange juice, beer, cigarette smoke, etc. 

Phenyl-2-propen-l-ol [104-54-1], commonly referred to as cinnamyl alcohol, is a colorless crystalline soHd with a sweet balsamic odor that is reminiscent of hyacinth. Its occurrence in nature is widespread as, for example, in Hyacinth absolute (Hyacinthus orientalis) (42), the leaf and bark oils of cinnamon Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum lancium, etc), and Guava fmit [Psidiumguajava L.) (43). In many cases it is also encountered as the ester or in a bound form as the glucoside. 

It yieldi fvoni 2 lo 7 per cmi. of essential oil having au odour re-calliug that of hyacinths, and hasung the following characters ... 

It is a colourless, thick oil, with an odour recalling that of cinnamic alcohol and hyacinths. It is useful in synthetic perfumery in the preparation of bouquets, and it is extremely useful in odours of the type of hyacinth, narcissus, jonquil, and the like. 

Cinnamic alcohol, C Hj. CH CH. CH OH, or y-phenyl-allyl alcohol, is found in the form of esters, principally of either acetic or cinnamic acid in storax, balsam of Peru, and in hyacinth and other essential oils. 

Cinnamyl Cinnamate.—Tbis ester is known as styracin, and is found in storax and other balsamic products, and possibly also in oil of hyacinths. It has the constitution... 

C9H10O, Mr 134.18, p2.7kPa H2°C, d 1.019, Up 1.5266, occurs in Sri Lanka cinnamon oil, among others. The aldehyde is a colorless liquid with a strong, flowery, slightly balsamic, heavy hyacinth-like odor. It tends to undergo self-condensation. 

R = CH2C6Hs, C14H12O2, Mr 212.25, 6p2.okPa 170-171 °C, df 1.1121, ng 1.5680, is the main component of Peru balsam oil. It occurs in fairly large amounts in a number of blossom concretes and absolutes (e.g., tuberose and hyacinth). It forms either a viscous liquid or solid flakes mp 21 22°C) and has a weak, sweet-balsamic odor. It is prepared either by transesterification of technical methyl benzoate with benzyl alcohol, or from benzyl chloride and sodium benzoate. A third process starts with benzaldehyde which is converted in high yield into benzyl benzoate in the presence of sodium or aluminum benzylate (Tishchenko reaction). 

R = CH2CH2C6H5, C15H14O3, Mr 242.27, which has been reported to occur in some essential flower oils, is a crystalline solid mp 44 °C) with a weak, long-lasting, balsamic, blossom odor, reminiscent of rose and hyacinth. It is used in perfumery for spicy and balsamic blossom compositions. 

Tolu balsam resinoid is produced by extraction of the balsam of Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms (Fabaceae). It is a dark orange brown mass with a sweet, resinous, long-lasting odor, reminiscent of hyacinth. An essential oil is also distilled from the balsam. 

Wood ashes.—The ash of wood, not coal, contains about 30 per cent, of potassium carbonate. Prior to the exploitation of the Stassfurt salts about the middle of the nineteenth century, the chief source of potash was wood ashes, and the process is still used in certain localities where wood-fuel is employed and where much waste wood is available—e.g. in some parts of Canada, United States, Russia, Spain, etc. The ash of trees, hedge-cuttings, sawdust, etc., can be made to yield potash.5 In the Caucasus, the sunflower is grown on waste land for the sake of its seed. The stalks, leaves, etc., are a by-product and are burnt the ash is used as a source of potash. Nearly 7000 tons per annum of crude potash from this source were exported from Novorossik in Russia. The residues in the manufacture of olive oil and almond shells are also stated by G. l Abate to be exceptionally rich in potash salts F. W. F. Day claims that the roots of the water hyacinth (eiehornia crassipes) have... 

Properties Colorless liquid strong hyacinth-like odor. D 1.023-1.030 (25C), fp-lOC, bp 193-194C, refr index 1.520-1.530, becomes more viscous on aging. Soluble in 2 parts of 80% alcohol soluble in ether and most fixed oils slightly soluble in water. Combustible. 

Extraction (enfleura e method), A method, used since classical antiquity, where the fresh plant material (often flowers, e.g. jasmine flowers, passion flower) is introduced into fat, which is spread over large plates. After some days the essential oil in the fat is extracted with alcohol. Short extraction of the fat at 50-80°C is used for flowers of roses, hyacinths and carnations. 

C9H10O, Mr 134.18 trans isomer [4407-36-7] mp 34°C, bpm3 k >a 257.5 °C, d ° 1.0440, nl 1.5819 this alcohol can exist in cis and trans forms. Although both isomers occur in nature, the trans isomer is far more abundant and is present, for example, in styrax oil. mmv-Cinnamic alcohol is a colorless, crystalline solid with a hyacinth-like balsamic odor. 

Terpine. Leave oil of turpentine for a lon time in contact with a mixture of nitric acid and alcohol. Crystals of terpine form. By boilinit an aqueous solution of ter pine with a sm quantity of eniphuric or other acid, terpinole is formed, and may be separated by distillation. It has the odor of hyacinths. 

Needles or cryst mass. Odor of hyacinth, mp 33. d 1.0397. bPL0 72.6" bp, 102.5" bp,0 117.8" bp 133.7 bp 151.0s bp 162.0s bpIM 177.8s hp, 199.8) bp , 224.6" bp, 2503 . n 1.58190 n 1.57580. When smallamounts of impurities are present as in the natural article (cinnamyl alcohol from storax), it remains fluid at lower temps than the melting point. Minimum congealing points specified by the Essentia] Oil Assn are 33.0s for cinnamic alcohol pure 28.0s for cinnamic alcohol prime 20.0s for cinnamic alcohol from storax. [s oxidized slowly on exposure to heat, light and air. So] in water, glycerol. Clearly sol in 3 vols 50% ale. Freely sol in ale, ether, other common organic solvents. 

Pbenethyl Alcohol. Benzeneethanol 2-phenyleth-anol 0-phenylethyl alcohol benzyl carbtnol d-hydroxyeth -y I benzene. C,H O mol wt 122.16. C 78.65%, H 8.25%, O 13.10%. Found in a number of natural essential oils, such as rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom, geranium Bourbon, neroli and in the essentia] oil of cham-paca. Prepd by reduction of ethyl phenylacetate with sodium in abs alcohol Bouveault, Blanc, Bull Soc. Chim. [3]... 

Acetic acid, benzyl ester Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester AI3-01996 Benzyl acetate Benzyl ethanoate nzylester kyseliny octove, Caswell No. 081EA CCRIS 1423 EINECS 205-397-6 FEMA No. 2135 HSDB 2851 NC1-C06508 NSC 4550 Phenylmethyl acetate Plastolln I. A natural constituent of several essential oils and flower absolutes extracted from jasmine, hyacinth. 

Salicylic acid occurs in the blossoms of the meadow-sweet, in the leaves and stems of tulips and hyacinths, and as the methyl ester in the oil of wintergreen. The acid crystallizes in colorless needles from hot water, melts at 156°, and sublimes at 200° when carefully heated. 

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