Congealing point

A paraffin wax is a petroleum wax consisting principally of normal alkanes. MicrocrystalHne wax is a petroleum wax containing substantial proportions of branched and cycHc saturated hydrocarbons, in addition to normal alkanes. SernimicrocrystaUine wax contains more branched and cycHc compounds than paraffin wax, but less than microcrystalHne. A classification system based on the refractive index of the wax and its congealing point as... 

D87. Open or closed capillary tubes are used to measure the melting point of many of the natural waxes. The congealing point (ASTM D938) is the temperature at which a melted wax ceases to flow, and is more consistent than melting points for some waxes. 

The wax deposits were predominantly paraffin (Hydrogen to Carbon ratio of approximately 2) with congealing points ranging between 68 and 85°C. The wax deposits generated 1n the laboratory have congealing points in the range of 67 to 79°C. 

The congeal point, also called the setting point (O Brien, 2003), is a measure of the solidification point of a molten fat under the conditions of the test. The molten fat, contained in a beaker, is cooled until the cloud point is observed, and then cooled further until a certain subjectively assessed degree of turbidity (caused by the presence of fat crystals) is reached. The beaker is then kept at 20°C and the temperature of the sample recorded over time. The temperature rises initially owing to the release of latent heat of crystallization and then drops. The maximum temperature reached is recorded as the congeal point. 

Congealing Point (The temperature at which the molten sample, when allowed to cool under the prescribed conditions, ceases to flow.)... 

Cloud Point. An empirical cloud point analysis is performed by stirring a sample of fat while it is being cooled until the oil has clouded enough to block a light beam of known intensity. Both cloud point and congeal point values are more closely related to consistency than melting points. A definite relationship exists between the cloud point results and the solid fat index values at 92°F or 33.3°C. Cottonseed oil that has not been winterized or hydrogenated will have a cloud point of 30°F to 38°F or —1.1°C to 3.3°C. Winterized cottonseed salad oil, with the hard fraction removed, will have a cloud point of approximately 22°F to 26°F or —5.6°C to -3.3°C. 

Melting point°F (°C) USP or ASTM consistency Sabolt viscosity at 210°F Typical congealing point °F (°C)... 

Oil from the wood of Cinnamomum parthenoxylon, Meissn., from the Federated Malay States, where it grows as a tall tree, has recently been examined at the Imperial Institute. Bull. Imp. Inst. 1925, 23, 421) Its constants were as follows specific gravity 1.103, (xD 0, nD 1.538, ester value 0.8, ditto after acetylation 3.5, congealing point -t-10°. The oil consisted almost entirely of safrole. 

The extent of super-cooling has a slight effect upon the final temperature noted, and it should therefore be as small as possible. Alow congealing-point may either be due to a low anethole content or to the fact that as the oil ages certain of its constituents polymerise and cause a depression. 

Properties White crystals spicy, clove-like odor. Congealing point 77C, soluble in 27 parts of 95% alcohol. Combustible. 

Properties White crystals aromatic odor. Mp 39C, congeal point (min) 34C, bp 244C (25 mm Hg). Insoluble in water soluble in alcohol. 

Properties Colorless crystals odor of coumarin. Mp 72C, congeal point 39C (min), bp 260-262C, refr index 1.5836 (46C), d 1.0377 (15/15C). Soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform insoluble in water. Combustible. 

Properties Limpid, oily liquid strawberry-like odor. D 1.045-1.048, refr index 1.560 (20C), congealing point 7C (min), bp 271C. Soluble in alcohol and ether. Insoluble in water. Combustible. 

Properties Colorless essential oil a terpene ether having a camphorlike odor and pungent, cooling, spicy taste. D 0.921-0.923 (25C) bp 174-177C congealing point not less than about 0C, refr index 1.4550-1.4600 (20C). Slightly soluble in water ... 

The measurement of the needle penetration of petroleum wax (ASTM D1321, IP 376) gives an indication of the hardness or consistency of wax. This method uses a penetrometer applying a load of 100 g for 5 s to a standard needle with a truncated cone tip. The sample is heated to 17°C (30°F) above its congealing point, poured into a small brass cylinder, cooled, and placed in a water bath at the test temperature for 1 h. The sample is then positioned under the penetrometer needle, which when released penetrates into the sample. The depth of penetration in tenths of millimeters is reported as the test value. This method is not applicable to oUy materials or petrolatum, which have penetrations greater than 250. 

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