Human rights responsibilities

At the same time, businesses have increasingly recognised that they have human rights responsibilities, and indeed that good human rights practice can bring commercial rewards ... 

Pogge, T. 2002. World Poverty and Human Rights Cosmopolitan Responsibilities and Reforms. Cambridge Polity Press. 

United Nations (UN). 1999. Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, U.N. GAOR No. 53/144. U.N. Doc. A/RES/53/144. 

In sharp contrast to the genetic/disease theory, Szasz, Laing, and the existential analysts stress the familial/social origins of schizophrenia, and its existential significance. Unlike physical illness, Szasz (1961) considers "mental illness" a culturally relative myth that subtly strips the "patient" of personal responsibility and basic human rights. He also em-... 

FIGURE 1.4 Illustration of range extrapolation from laboratory animal data (left) to potential responses in humans (right) and the influence of the extrapolation model on the choice of the virtual safe dose. 

Dr. Polanyi believes that people must accept the responsibility that comes with scientific understanding and technological progress. He believes, as well, that a vital element of hope lies at the heart of modern science. To Dr. Polanyi, human rights are integral to scientific success. "Science must breathe the oxygen of freedom," he stated in 1999. 

Clinical testing starts with Phase I studies on healthy subjects and seeks to determine whether effects observed in animal experiments also occur in humans. Dose-response relationships are determined. In Phase II, potential drugs are first tested on selected patients for therapeutic ef cacy in those dis-Luellmann, Color Atlas of Pharmacology All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms... 

Organisation for Economic Development and Cooperation s Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises (OECD, 2000) incorporates voluntary principles and standards endorsed by over 33 countries for responsible business conduct by multinationals covering human rights and environmental issues. 

Responses. Of the respondents, 97 percent have written environmental policies, but only 40 percent have a written policy on sustainability - only human rights was less frequently addressed at 34 percent (Fig. 8.5). 

Special Features Human rights, product safety, environment, community relations, and corporate governance. This is one of the best-known socially responsible investment funds in the United States. 

An independent body (a review board or a committee, institutional, regional or national), constituted of medical professionals and non-medical members, whose responsibility is to verify that the safety, integrity and human rights of the subjects participating in a particular trial are protected and to consider the general ethics of the trial, thereby providing public reassurance. Ethics committees should be constituted and operated so that their tasks can be executed free from bias and from any influence of those who are conducting the trial. 

Measure and monitor are the two central elements of accounting. The cited G3 Guidelines organize the sustainability performance indicators in economic, environmental and social categories. Social indicators are further categorized by labor, human rights, society, and product responsibility. Core indicators have been also identified, and are intended to identify generally applicable indicators. 

The Social Performance Indicators identify key performance aspects surrounding labor practices, human rights, society, and product responsibility. 

The modem clinical trial (see section at end of Glossary) is an example of medical research. The two watershed events for the required ethics and structured ethical directives were the Nuremberg Code in response to Nazi experiments and the Helsinki Declaration on Human Rights (1964). These well-publicized events laid out the basic ethical principles for medical researchers to follow. Yet these principles were violated in several other reference cases and these in turn gave rise to the modem US regulations. 

Racial loyalties are a threat to human rights. Socially responsible allegiances must transcend racial categories. 

Responsible for organizing events to raise campus and community awareness of local and international human rights issues. 

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