Human immunodeficiency virus complex infection

Ostroff, S. M., Spiegel, R. A., Feinberg, J., Benson, C. A., and Horsburgh, Jr., C. R. (1995). Preventing disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin. Infect. Dis. 21, S72-S76. 

Brengel-Pesce K, Innocenti-Francillard P, Morand P, Chanzy B, Seigneurin JM (1997) Transient infection of astrocytes with HIV-1 primary isolates derived from patients with and without AIDS dementia complex. J Neurovirol 3 449-454 Budka H, Costanzi G, Cristina S, Lechi A, Parravicini C, Trabattoni R, Vago L (1987) Brain pathology induced by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A histological, immunocytochemical, and electron microscopical study of 100 autopsy cases. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 75 185-198... 

Pereira LA, Bentley K, Peelers A, ChurchiU MJ, Deacon NJ (2000) A compilation of cellular transcription factor interactions with the HIV-1 LTR promoter. Nucleic Acids Res 28(3) 663-668 Persaud D, Zhou Y, Siliciano JM, Siliciano RF (2003) Latency in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection no easy answers. J Virol 77(3) 1659-1665 Peterson CL, Tamkun JW (1995) The SWI-SNF complex a chromatin remodeling machine Trends Biochem Sci 20(4) 143-146... 

The detection of HIV-related proteins is one of the most challenging tasks. This is especially true because AIDS should be diagnosed as early as possible to enable an early and effective therapy of this infection. Pavski and Le (57) used the aptamer strategy to detect reverse transcriptase (RT) of the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). A direct and specific ACE method was proposed using laser-induced fluorescence (ACE/LIF) as detection principle. Single-stranded DNA aptamers as probes fluorescently labeled were synthesized. The resulting aptamer is specific for HIV-1 RT, and it exhibited no cross-reactivity with RTs of the enhanced avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV), the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV), or denatured HIV-1 RT. An affinity complex of RT 26-HIV-l RT was stable, with calibration curves linear up to 50 nM (6 /xg/mL) HIV-1 RT concentration. Both... 

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a single-stranded RNA retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in which individuals are at increased risk for developing certain infections and malignancies. The virus is found in two major forms HIV-1, the most prevalent worldwide, and HIV-2, the most common in western Africa. More than 22 million people have died of HIV infection, and 40 million are believed to be infected worldwide. AIDS epidemics threaten populations in sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, Central and South America, and Russia. In the United States about 450,000 deaths have occurred and another 900,000 people are estimated to carry the virus. Although the development of new drugs, complex multidrug regimens, and behavioral modification have done much to combat the spread of HIV in-... 

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) protease is an enzyme that breaks inactive polyproteins into their functional parts that are vital for the proper operation of HIV-1. This enzyme is a target for treatment of patients infected with HIV-1. HIV-1 protease operates as a dimeric complex, a trait that lends the enzyme to be inhibited by a drug that is highly symmetrical.24... 

Adachi, M., Hayami, M., Kashiwagi, N., et al. (1988) Expression of LeY antigen in human immunodeficiency virus-infected human T cell lines and in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC). J. Exp. Med. 167(2), 323-331. 

Navia BA, Price RW (1987) The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia complex as the presenting or sole manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Arch Neurol 44 65-69. 

Ward TT, Rimland D, Kauffman C, Huycke M, Evans TG, Heifets L. Randomized, open-label trial of azithromycin plus ethambutol vs. clarithromycin plus ethambutol as therapy for Mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Veterans Affairs HIV Research Consortium. Clin Infect Dis 1998 27(5) 1278-85. 

Masur, H. (1993). Recommendations on prophylaxis and therapy for disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Public Health Service Task Force on Prophylaxis and Therapy for Mycobacterium avium Complex. N. Engl. J. Med. 329, 898-904. 

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may produce isolated lymphadenopathy resulting from direct infection by the virus or from secondary infection (Radin 1995 Tarantino et al. 2003). Mesenteric lymphadenopathy in patients with HIV is far more likely to result from an opportunistic infection or even an underlying malignancy than to be caused by direct HIV infection. In this case, the lymph nodes may be enlarged but rarely massive. On the contrary, in HIV positive patients with a CD4 cell count of 50/mL or less, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the main cause of massive mesenteric lymphadenopathy. In HIV patients with mesenteric lymph nodes, in particular if forming a conglomerate mass, MAC infection should always be considered (Koh et al. 2003 Tarantino et al. 2003) (Fig. 2.9). 

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