Human diseases inflammation diabetes

Subsequent studies in experimental animals have yielded provocative results. Resveratrol is known to extend the lifespan of a number of organisms from yeast to vertebrates. Resveratrol is also known to prevent or slow the progression of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, inflammation, and ischemic injuries in experimental animals. In short, the suggestion that resveratrol in red wine may be responsible for favorable outcomes in human health is supported by a number of studies in experimental animals. However, the support is suggestive but certainly not definitive. Carefully controlled clinical trials in people will be required to establish the role, if any, of resveratrol or related small molecules in human health. Such clinical trials are currently underway. 

Red raspberries contain dense contents of ellagic acid, ellagitannins, and several other polyphenols under active research for potential health benefits as anti-inflammatory factors. These phenolic compounds have importance in research on diseases that start first with inflammation, such as cancer, chronic arthritis, Alzheimer s disease, diabetes, and obesity. In research done at Cornell University, scientists studying four cul-tivars of red raspberry identified differences in polyphenol content that were directly related to the color intensity of the respective juices. The color of the juice correlated well to the anthocyanin contents of each raspberry cultivar. In the same studies, proliferation of human liver cancer cells—as part of a laboratory test of potential anticancer activity— was significantly suppressed by the raspberry polyphenols. 

In the previous section we looked at innate immunity. This aspect of the immune system was the poor cousin to acquired immunity for decades, but has recendy graduated to a much higher status because of its relationship to inflammation. Many of the processes involving macrophages and other innate immunity cell types lead to inflammation. Inflammation is known to be the underlying contributor to almost every chronic human disease known, including arthritis, Crohn s disease, diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimer s disease, and stroke. It has recently been shown that inflammation is also linked to cancer. 

Muscarinic M , Human cDNA Alzheimer s disease, Parkinson s disease, pain, peptic ulcers, inflammation, diabetes Ganglionic depolarization, vasoconstriction, blood pressure changes, neuroprotection... 

Neurokinin NK, Human cell line Asthma, hypertension, inflammation, pain, multiple sclerosis, cancer, diabetes, anxiety, social disorders, Alzheimer s disease, Parkinson s disease Vasorelaxation, bronchodilatation, intestinal smooth muscle contraction, histamine release, plasma protein exudation, neuroprotection... 

Neurotensin NT, (NTS1) Human cDNA Anorexia, thermoregulation, inflammation, pain, Parkinson s disease, schizophrenia, diabetes, Alzheimer s disease Modulation of dopamine transmission, inhibition of gastric acid secretion, modulation of gastric motility, hypothermia... 

HDACs play a fundamental role in determining the state of chromatin, and are involved in the modulation of numerous other important proteins. Thus, although the first human HDACs were only identified a decade ago, it is not surprising that these enzymes are already attractive therapeutic targets [8] for a host of diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and infectious diseases. 

Excessive apoptosis Neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimers s disease, Parkinson s disease), hematological disorders, autoimmune disorders (graft versus host disease, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis), ischemia, heart failure, inflammation, osteoarthritis, human immunodeficiency virus, bacterial infections, allograft rejection, trauma. 

Ln recent years, interest increased in the ratio of omega-6 (n-6) to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA, or LA ALA, in part due to the link between inflammation and several lifestyle diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Type LL diabetes. However, whether this ratio is directly associated with an increased risk of inflammatory diseases is unclear. Furthermore, the low conversion of dietary ALA to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (Goyens et al., 2005 Hussein et al., 2005 Pawlosky et al., 2001) means that a lower n-6 n-3 PUFA ratio does not necessarily reflect physiologically important increases in EPA and DLiA (Harris, 2006). Consequently, evaluating absolute dietary intakes of specific n-6 and n-3 PUFAs may be most appropriate, particularly when few human experimental and clinical trial data exist to support the use of an n-6 n-3 PUFA ratio. Nevertheless, when considering the composition of SBO, notably, SBO has a lower n-6 n-3 PUFA ratio than other commonly used vegetable oils, such as corn oil. 

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