Human diseases diabetes

Reaven GM. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988 37 1595-1607. 

Human immune globulin intravenous (IGIV) products have been associated with renal impairment, acute renal failure, osmotic nephros s and death. Individuals with a predication to acute renal failure, such as those with preexisting renal disease, diabetes mellitus individuals older than 65 years or patients receiving nephrotoxic drugs should not be given human IGIV products... 

In addition to the NOD mouse, Entelos has models for several human metabolic diseases (diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome), inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis), and respiratory diseases (asthma and COPD). 

Subsequent studies in experimental animals have yielded provocative results. Resveratrol is known to extend the lifespan of a number of organisms from yeast to vertebrates. Resveratrol is also known to prevent or slow the progression of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, inflammation, and ischemic injuries in experimental animals. In short, the suggestion that resveratrol in red wine may be responsible for favorable outcomes in human health is supported by a number of studies in experimental animals. However, the support is suggestive but certainly not definitive. Carefully controlled clinical trials in people will be required to establish the role, if any, of resveratrol or related small molecules in human health. Such clinical trials are currently underway. 

Eli Lilly s LY-333531 (486), a new macrocyclic analog of staurosporine, was discovered to be a potent and specific inhibitor of the PKC 3-isozymes, indicating it to be a clinically useful agent for PKC-mediated human diseases, such as the vascular dysfunctions associated with diabetes mellitus (433,434) (Scheme 4.7). 

Although a mutation in an annexin has never been categorically proven to be the cause of a disease state, they have been implicated in pathologies as diverse as autoimmunity, infection, heart disease, diabetes and cancer. Annexinopathies were first described by Jacob H. Rand to describe the pathological sequelae in two disease states, die overexpression of annexin 2 in a patients with a haemorrhagic form of acute promyelocytic leukaemia, and the under-expression of annexin 5 on placental trophoblasts in the antiphospholipid syndrome. In this chapter we will outline some of the more recent observations in regard to these conditions, and describe the involvement of annexins in some other major causes of human morbidity... 

---