Hquid chromatography-mass

Liquid Ghromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Increased use of Hquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (Ic/ms) for stmctural identification and trace analysis has become apparent. Thermospray Ic/ms has been used to identify by-products in phenyl isocyanate precolumn derivatization reactions (74). Five compounds resulting from the reaction of phenyUsocyanate and the reaction medium were identified two from a reaction between phenyl isocyanate and methanol, two from the reaction between phenyl isocyanate and water, and one from the polymerisation of phenyl isocyanate. There were also two reports of derivatisation to enhance either the response or stmctural information from thermospray Ic/ms for linoleic acid hpoxygenase metabohtes (75) and for cortisol (76). 

Schoefs, B., Determinationofpigmentsin vegetahles. 7. Chromatogr. A, 1054,217,2004. Da Costa, C. et al.. Analysis of anthocyanins in foods hy hquid chromatography, hquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and capdlary electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr. A, 881, 403, 2000. 

Wang, H., Race, E.J., and Shrikhande, A.J., Characterization of anthocyanins in grape juices by ion trap hquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 1839, 2003. 

Tholey, A., Toll, H., Huber, C.G. (2005). Separation and detection of phosphorylated and nonphosophorylated peptides in hquid chromatography—mass spectrometry using monolithic columns and acidic or alkaline mobile phases. Anal. Chem. 77, 4618 1625. 

Nagele, E., Volhner, M., and Horth, R, Two-dimensional nano-hquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system for applications in proteomics. Journal of Chromatography A 1009(1-2), 197-205, 2003. 

Zhang, H., Zhang D., and Ray K. (2003). A software filter to remove interference ions from drug metabolites in accurate mass hquid chromatography/mass spectrometric analyses. J. Mass Spectrom. 38 1110-1112. 

D. Barron, J. Barbosa, J. A. Pascual and J. Segura, Direct determination of anabolic steroids in human urine by onhne sohd-phase extraction/hquid chromatography/mass spectrometry , J. Mass Spectrom. 31 309-319 (1996). 

D. Puig, L. Silgoner, M. Grasserbauer and D. Barcelo, Part-per-trillion level determination of priority methyl-, nitro-, and chlorophenols in river water samples by automated onhne liquid/solid extraction followed by hquid chromatography/mass spectrometry using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and ion spray interfaces , Anal. Chem. 69 2756-2761 (1997). 

Covey, T. R. Huang, E. C. Henion, J. D. 1991. Structural characterization of protein tryptic peptides via hquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and collision-induced dissociation of their doubly charged molecular ions. Anal. Chem., 63,1193-1200. 

Lopez-Jimenez, F.J., S. Rubio, and D. Perez-Bendito. 2005. Determination of phthalate esters in sewage by hemimicelles-based sohd-phase extraction and hquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 551 142-149. 

Burkhard, L.P, Kuehl, D.W., Veith, G.D. (1985) Evaluation of reverse phase hquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for estimating of -octanol/water partition coefficients. Chemosphere 14, 1551-1560. 

High performance hquid chromatography-mass spectrometry has been apphed to the determination of down to lmg L 1 of azo dyes in waste waters [37], Games et al. [38] used high performance hquid chromatography for solute focusing prior to superfluid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the analysis of waste streams. 

Larsen, B. S., Stchur, R, Szostek, B., Bachmura, S. R, Rowand, R. C., Prickett, K. B., et al. Method development for the determination of residual fiuorotelomer raw material and per-fiuorooctanoate in fluorotelomer-based products by gas chromatography and hquid chromatography mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A, 1110 117-124 (2006). 

Holcapek, M., Jandera, R, and Zderadicka, P. High performance hquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of sulphonated dyes and intermediates. J. Chromatogr. A. 2001, 926, 175-186. 

Eer, M. et al. Determination of polyunsatured fatty acid monoepoxides by high performance hquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A. 2006,1115, 1-7. 

Ansorgov, D., Holcapek, M., and Jandera, P. Ion pairing high-performance hquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of impurities and reduction products of sulphonated azo dyes. J. Sep. Sci. 2003, 26, 1017-1027. 

Recent advances in mass spectrometry have rendered it an attractive and versatile tool in industrial and academic research laboratories. As a part of this rapid growth, a considerable body of hterature has been devoted to the apph-cation of mass spectrometry in clinical studies. In concert with separation techniques such as hquid chromatography, mass spectrometry allows the rapid characterization and quantitative determination of a large array of molecules in complex mixtures. Herein, we present an overview of the above techniques accompanied with several examples of the use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in pharmacokinetics/drug metabohsm assessment during drug development. 

A. E. Mutlib, H. Chen, G. A. Nemeth, J. A. Markwalder, S. P. Seitz, L. S. Gan, and D. D. Christ, Identification and characterization of Efavirenz metabohtes by hquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and high field NMR Species differences in the metabolism of Efavirenz, Drug. Metab. Dispos. 27 (1999), 1319-1333. 

Theodoridis, G. Laskaris, G. de Jong, C. Hofte, A.J.P. Verpoorte, R. Determination of paclitaxel and related diterpenoids in plant extracts by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection in high performance hquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr., A 1998, 802, 297 - 305. 

Kim, Y, Lee, Y., Kim, M., Yim, Y.-H. and Lee, W. (2000b). Determination of the metabohtes of gestrinone in human urine by high performance liquid chromatography, hquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.. 14, 1717-1726. 

Hines, H.B., Brueggemann, E.E. and Hale, M.L. (2004) High-performance hquid chromatography-mass selective detection assay for adenine released from a synthetic RNA substrate by ricin A chain. Anal Biochem, 330, 119-122. 

Koeber, R., Bayona, J. M., and Niesser, R., Determination of benzo[a]pyrene diones in air particulate matter with hquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 1552-1558, 1999. 

Petrovic, M. and Barcelo, D., Detemtination of anionic and non-ionic surfactants, its degradation products, and endocrine-dismpting compounds in sewage sludge by hquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem., 12, 4560-4567, 2000. 

QuUham, M.A., Hess, P., and Dell Aversano, C., Recent developments in the analysis of phycotoxins by hquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins in Perspective at the Turn of the Century. deKoe, W.J., Samson, R.A., van Egmond, H.P., Gilbert, J., and Sabino, M. (Eds.), deKoe Publ., Wageningen, The Netherlands, 2001, p. 383. 

Quilliam, M.A., Janecek, M., and Lawrence, J.R, Characterization of the oxidation products of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins by hquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom., 1, 482, 1993. 

Draisci, R., Palleschi, L., Giannetti, L., Lucentini, L., James, K.J., Bishop, A.G., Satake, M., and Yasumoto T., New approach to the direct detection of known and new diarrhoeic shellfish toxins in mussels and phytoplankton by hquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chmmatogr. A, 847, 213, 1999. 

Quilliam, M.A., Hess, R, and Dell Aversano, C., Recent developments in the analysis of phycotoxins by hquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, in Xth International lUPAC Symposium on Mycotoxins... 

Suzuki, T. et al. Quantification of hpophihc toxins associated with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning in Japanese bivalves hy hquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and comparison with mouse hioassay. Fish. Sci. 71, 1370, 2005. 

W.C. Brumley, C.M. Brownrigg and A.H. Grange, Capillary hquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry and micellar electrokinetic chromatography as complementary techniques in environmental... 

Xu, X. Veenstra, T.D. Fox, S.D. Roman, J.M. Issaq, H.J. Falk, R. Saavedra, J.E. Keefer, L.K. Ziegler, R.G. Measuring fifteen endogenous estrogens simultaneously in human urine by high-performance hquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2005, 77 (20), 6646-6654. 

Read, R.W. Black, R.M. Rapid screening procedures for the hydrolysis products of chemical warfare agents using positive and negative ion hquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation. J. Chromatogr. 1999, 862, 169-177. 

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