HPLC profile of extracts

Figure 2. HPLC profile of extracts of liver of 3H-naphthalene-exposed coho salmon. Data were obtained by single analysis of pooled tissue from four fish, each fed 74.6 fid 3H-naphthalene 16 hr earlier (lO).

Figure 3. HPLC profile of extracts of 3H-naphthalene-exposed herring larvae...

FIG. 14. Top trace,HPLC profile of extracts of human urine. Lower trace, profile of control. 

Fig. 2.16. HPLC profile of carotenoids in an extract of vegetable soup. An expansion of the profile from 30 to 39 is shown in the inset (A). Monitored wavelengths were 436, 440, 464, and 409 nm for peaks 9,10,11,12, and 14, respectively, in the inset (A). Peak identification 1 + 1" = all-trans-lutein and cw-lutein 2 = 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrolycopene (lycopene-5,6-diol) 3 = j3-apo-8 -carotenal (internal standard) 4 = lycopene 1,2-epoxide 5 = lycopene 5,6-epoxide 6 = 1,2-dimethoxyproly-copene (tentative identification) 7 = 5,6-dimethoxy-5,6-dihydrolycopene 8 = lycopene 9 = pheo-phytin b 10 = neurosporene 11 = (-carotene 12 = pheophytin a 13 = (-carotene 14 = pheophytin a isomer and (-carotene 15 = a-carotene 16 and 16" = all-trans-/fcarotene, cis-/J-carotene 17 and 17" = all-trans- or cA-phytofluene 18 and 18" = all-trans- or cw-phytoene. Reprinted with permisson from L. H. Tonucci et al. [40].

Fig. 2.36. Representative HPLC profiles of the extract of microcapsules, initially and after eight weeks of storage (a) and pure astaxanthin after eight weeks of storage (b). Chromatographic conditions are described in the text. Reprinted with permission from I. Higuera-Ciapara et al. [79].

Fig. 3.26. Typical elution HPLC profiles of MG residues extracted from (a) salmon spiked at 20 pg/kg LMG and MG each (b) residue-incurred salmon fillet (2.9 pg/kg). Analysis of the residue-incurred salmon was repeated using the LC-MS-MS system as shown in (c) the profile shows the monitoring of the m/z = 329.5 to m/z 313.3 fragmentation. The elution positions of MG, LMG and the internal standard brilliant green (BG) are indicated. Note BG is not detected in the m/z = 329.5 to m/z 313.3 trace (c) and its position is therefore depicted as an under broken arrow. Reprinted with permission from A. A. Bergwerft et al. [105],...

Fig. 4.8 HPLC radiometric metabolite profiling of extracts of (a) plasma,...

Figure 9.150 HPLC profiles of incubation mixtures for 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthetase assays with extracts of (A) T 24 cells, (B) human dermal fibroblasts, and (C) a reagent control. Amounts of 56 fig (A) and 60 fig (B) of cellular protein or phosphate-buffered saline (C) were used in the assay. Incubation time was 70 minutes at 37°C. A 100 fiL aliquot of the incubation mixture was used. Fluorescence detection was at an excitation wavelength of 353 nm and an emission wavelength of 438 nm. Peaks 1, neopterin 2, biopterin. (From Warner et al., 1991.)...

No carotenoids were detected in tissues of animals sacrificed after 6 weeks. However, as shown in Table 10.4, after 24 weeks, nearly all carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, y-carotene, -carotene, a-carotene, P-carotene, phytofluene, phytoene) were bioavailable in colon and liver of the animals that received MCM. A typical HPLC profile of carotenoids in a pooled extract from mouse liver is shown in Figure 10.2. The major carotenoids in brain were lycopene, lutein, and P-carotene. Carotene predominated in the breast tissues, while lutein, lycopene, y-carotene, and a-carotene were detected in low concentrations. Carotenoids were not detected in tissues of the mice on WD without MCM. 

Figure 10.2 Carotenoid HPLC profile of pooled extract from liver of mice supplemented with multicarotenold mixture for 24 weeks HPLC conditions described in text.

Figure 2.15 HPLC profile of HCTA of a Cabernet Sauvignon grape skins extract recorded at wavelength 320nm. (1) ds-CTA, (2) trans-CTA, (3) t/s-p-CuTA, (4) traws-p-CuTA, (5) as-FT A, (6) trans- TK...

From a natural products standardization perspective, the HPLC profiles of three different batches of Nicosan are illustrated in Figure 3. Here, the HPLC patterns of the three batches are nearly identical as needed. The presence and/or absence and relative ratio and total content of selected targeted compounds are used in the standardization and quality control process. Some of the compounds present in the extract have been identified and are discussed more below. 

Samples of the day 0 and day 10 homogenates were extracted and partitioned as shown schematically in Fig. 10.2. The petroleum ether and Sep-Pak acetonitrile fractions were analysed by HPLC (Fig. 10.3). The HPLC analyses showed a similar metabolite profile, with a lower percentage of PBO in the day 10 sample (24.4 of TRR) than in the day 0 sample (49-3% of TRR). The HPLC profile of the petroleum ether extracts showed that the predominant radioactivity extracted into the petroleum ether was parent compound (6.3 ppm for day 10). Numerous metabolites were observed in (he HPLC profile of the Sep-Pak... 

From Mycelium. Mycelia are suspended in phosphate buffer (0.05 M, pH 6.8, 5 ml/g) and sonicated for 5 min in a sonic water bath prior to centrifugation. After centrifugation the extract is processed in a manner similar to broth sample. A HPLC profile of mycelia extract is shown in Figure 2. 

HPLC profiles of the urine extracts from cow 821 and cow 59 are given in Figure 1. There is only partial resolution between peaks 4, 5 and 6. The overall profile has not changed between the two animals except for some variations in the total percentages of the parent compound (peak 8) and the metabolites. There are at most five major (> 10% of the total radioactivity) components in the urine extract. 

Fig. (1). HPLC profile of the ethanolic bark extract of F. ornus collected from region 1 (see Table I) peaks are labelled with the corresponding compound numbers.

The HPLC profile of the extract showed a good resolution of the main constituents. Esculin (1), esculetin (2), and fraxin (3) are the major components of this species, while the others are present in smaller amounts, Fig (1). Coumarin (13) was not detected in the extract. In addition 7-methylesculin (11) and 6,7,8-trimethoxycoumarin (12 ) were detected. This was the first report of the occurrence of 11 and 12 in the Oleaceae family. 

The activity of extracts A, C and D (Table 7) indicates a clear correlation with their hydroxycoumarin composition. The extract C enriched with the coumarins esculetin (2), fraxin (3) and fraxetin (4) shows the highest antimicrobial activity of all studied extracts. The inhibitory power of extracts C and D is comparable with that of famesol. The HPLC profiles of the tested extracts indicated the presence of some other bark constituents, different from 2-4, that could also contribute to their activity [14]. 

Concerning the development of "zoapatle" as a contraceptive phytomedicine, limited attempts have been made to systematically demonstrate the presence of the different classes of compounds in the traditional decoction. So far, reports are conclusive only about the presence of kaurenic derivatives, kauradienoic acid, kaurenoic acid and monoginoic acid [45] and the oxepane tomexanthin [39]. Progress in analytical methods allows one today to carry out a complete HPLC profile of an aqueous plant extract. Thus, "zoapatle s" decoction should be analyzed again, using the 40 plus isolated compounds as standards. 

Microsomal Metabolism of Trp-P-2 Trp-P-2 and AAF were metabolized by the 3-MC rat-liver microsomes in vitro. The extracts with benzene, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and ethylene chloride were dried before injection onto a reverse-phase yBondapak C-18 column. The HPLC profiles of the metabolites of Trp-P-2 and AAF are very similar(figure 3). These metabolites of Trp-P-2 have the same fluorescence spectra with emission maximum at 332 nm. The UV spectra are identical to that of Trp-P-2, that is, with a maximum at 260 nm. 

Figure 3. Microsomal metabolism of Trp-P-2 and AAF. HPLC profiles of organic solvent extracts of the metabolized mutagens. Rat livers (3-MC micro-some s) were used. HPLC was performed with a stainless steel reverse phase C-...

Figure 4. Microsomal metabolism of norharman. HPLC profile of ethyl acetate extract. A similar reaction was performed for control, in which microsomes were not added and there were no metabolites eluted. HPLC was performed with a C-18 radial compression module.

The in vivo tissue distribution, excretion, and hepatic metabolism of microcystins have been primarily investigated using variously radiolabeled ones. " The amounts of the injected microcystins were too small and the amounts of the contaminants in the tissues were too large to investigate the metabolites by instrumental analysis, such as HPLC with UV detection and LC/MS. Fig. 4 shows the HPLC profiles of a cytosolic extract from mouse liver spiked with 5 p.g each of microcystins-LR and -RR. When the cytosolic extract is prepared by the method described by Robinson et al., which consists of heat-denaturation, pronase digestion, and ODS silica gel treatment (Fig. 4a), the two spiked microcystins cannot be precisely analyzed because of a substantial amount of coexisting substances. When the cytosolic extract is further purified with the immunoaffinity column, the coexisting substances are effectively eliminated... 

Figure 20b. HPLC profile of preparative SFC-extract (fraction 5) from lecithin.

Fig. 4. Reverse-phase HPLC profile of an acid crude brain extract on a xBondapak Cig (300 X 4 mm) column. The elution positions of met- and leu-enkephalin are unchanged.

Preliminary studies have shown an increased level of radioimmu-noassayable VIP in the CSF of schizophrenic patients compared to controls (Morris et ai, 1980) however, following HPLC, this immunoreactivity splits into several fractions only one of which corresponds to VIP. Our suspicions with regard to the specificity of a purely immunoassay approach on crude extracts is again exemplified by the HPLC profile of immuno-reactive TRH and LH-RH in CSF (Fig. 7). In the control patient, multiple peaks of LH-RH activity are observed which are not present in the schizophenic sample. 

Fig. 8. HPLC profile of Pitressin, a commercial bovine/porcine pituitary extract. Three regions of aldosterone-releasing activity (a, b, c) were observed. Peak (a) corresponds to a-MSH.

Fig. 3. HPLC profile of reaction products after incubation of Z with Z reductase. [The assay contained enzyme extracted from 100 mg of embryos. Reaction condition NADPH (0.25 mM). [ C]-Z (35 000 cpm). incubation at 27°C for 1 h. Products were chromatographed on a reversed phase C,g column with 0.2 M triethylamine buffer at pH 4.8 as the mobile phase. A gradient of 5 to 50% methanol over 90 min was used to elute Z and its derivatives. The flow rate was 1 ml/min and 0.5 ml fractions were collected]...

Figure 2 SE-HPLC profile of proteins extracted with 0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH 6.9, containing 2% SDS from the wheat cultivar Cook. Proteins were eluted with 50% acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% TFA from a Protein Pak 300 column at 0.5 mL/min. Elution times of MW markers are shown by arrows. (From Ref. 60.)...

Equimolar amounts of fmctose and P-alanine were heated in a heating block at 150 C for 4 min. Figure 2 shows the HPLC profiles of the methanol-water extracts from the reaction mixtures of fructose or glucose with P-alanine. The products from the reaction for 2 min gave... 

HPLC profiles of alcoholic extracts from Echinacea roots with caffeic acid derivatives. From [41... 

Figure 3, Reversed-phase HPLC profile of the aqueous ethanolic extract ofS, miltiorrhiza, A pre-packed Cl 8 column (25-cm) was used, A stepwise gradient elution of methanol-water binary system containing a constant volume % of acetic acid, from 25% to 40% methanol, was performed at 1,0 mL/min. The wavelength of UV detector was set at 290 nm. Peak corresponding to salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is marked by an arrow.

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