Hot applications

Some PCs qualify for a second standard of 15 percent of the rating of the power supply, usually at least 3Q W. For monitors, an initial low-power mode of 15 W is also required. (2) "NA" means hot applicable," which means that no requirement exists. (3) Additional Tier 2 requirement for copiers includes a required recovery time of 30 seconds for midspeed copiers (recommended for high speed copiers). 

Coal tar enamel This is derived from the coking of coal and is further distilled to produce coal tar pitches. It is used for hot application on-site. It will crack and craze if exposed to sunlight but has been employed successfully for over 50 years for the protection of underground or immersed structures. The main use is now for the exteriors of buried or immersed pipelines. Different types of enamel are available to give various degrees of heat resistance. It is now generally used for pipelines below 155 mm diameter. 

The manufacturers of PS lids for hot cups have begun to investigate inclusion of filler into the lids to reduce the costs of manufacturing such lids. Historically, PS lids for hot applications have not included a significant amount of filler. Primarily this is due to two reasons. First, PS has traditionally been a low cost raw material and, as such, there was little motivation to include any filler into a formulation. Further, PS used in hot cup lid applications is in general HIPS. HIPS is FDA compliant and exhibits good thermoformability due to its low brittleness. 

As it has been discussed in this chapter, transcriptomic profiling of food crops is a hot application for RNA-Seq technologies. Nevertheless, the applicability of RNA-Seq in Food Science and Nutrition is still in its infancy and it is not fully exploited yet. In the near future, it can be anticipated that many relevant topics in Food Science will benefit from RNA-Seq techniques. For instance in Nutrigenomics studies, it can be expected that RNA-Seq studies will improve our limited understanding of the roles of nutritional compounds... 

Thermal expansion during heating of the rollers may be considerable. Therefore, segmented designs that allow for expansion by incorporating a suitably sized gap between the segments at room temperature are nearly always used for hot applications, even if, from a wear point of view, a steel is selected that could be formed into roll tires. 

These systems have been of variable quality in the pash although tighter specifications have been introduced by ino.st national DOTs. Membranes have failed at joints, curb.s and drains where chloride laden water could get under them. Some were damaged or destroyed by the hot application of the asphalt wearing course over them. A survey of site practice and failures in the UK is given in Price (1991). 

Epoxy - One part. Hot-application, Heat-curing, Modified ... 

Ewsuk K G and Messing G L 1986 A theoreticai and experimentai anaiysis of finai-stage densification of aiumina during hot isostatic pressing Hot IsostatIc Pressing Theories and Applications ed R J Schaefer and M Linzer (Materiais Park, OH ASM internationai) pp 23-33... 

In principle, emission spectroscopy can be applied to both atoms and molecules. Molecular infrared emission, or blackbody radiation played an important role in the early development of quantum mechanics and has been used for the analysis of hot gases generated by flames and rocket exhausts. Although the availability of FT-IR instrumentation extended the application of IR emission spectroscopy to a wider array of samples, its applications remain limited. For this reason IR emission is not considered further in this text. Molecular UV/Vis emission spectroscopy is of little importance since the thermal energies needed for excitation generally result in the sample s decomposition. 

Although cold plasmas have benefits in removing interfering ions such as ArO+, they are not necessary for other applications where interferences are not a problem. Thus, in laboratories where a range of isotopes needs to be examined, the plasma has to be changed between hot and cold conditions, whereas it is much simpler if the plasma can be run under a single set of conditions. For this reason, some workers use warm plasmas, which operate between the hot and cold conditions. 

Sheet can be produced by melt extmsion, but in this case a three-roll stack of quenching roUs is generally used (Fig. 2). More than three roUs may be used where necessary. The roUs may be mounted vertically or horizontally. The web is extmded through a slot die in a thickness close to the desired final thickness. The die is in very close proximity to the first chill roU or chill-roll nip. The web may be cast horizontally directly onto the upper chill roU of the stack as shown (Fig. 2), or it may be extmded into the first nip directly. The roUs quench the sheet and provide the surface polish desired. In some applications, matte or embossed roUs maybe used to impart special surface characteristics for certain functions. Where the utmost in optical (glazing) quality is desired the trend has been to mount the roU stack horizontally. The hot melt is then extmded vertically down into the first nip. This avoids problems associated with sag of a horizontal hot melt no matter how short the distance between die and quench. 

Other Industrial Applications. High pressures are used industrially for many other specialized appHcations. Apart from mechanical uses in which hydrauhc pressure is used to supply power or to generate Hquid jets for mining minerals or cutting metal sheets and fabrics, most of these other operations are batch processes. Eor example, metallurgical appHcations include isostatic compaction, hot isostatic compaction (HIP), and the hydrostatic extmsion of metals. Other appHcations such as the hydrothermal synthesis of quartz (see Silica, synthetic quartz crystals), or the synthesis of industrial diamonds involve changing the phase of a substance under pressure. In the case of the synthesis of diamonds, conditions of 6 GPa (870,000 psi) and 1500°C are used (see Carbon, diamond, synthetic). 

Hot-Fill Applications. A growing market for blow-molded containers is the so-called hot-fill market. This covers such items as tomato ketchup, pasteurized fmit juices, and salad dressings that are packaged while sti11 hot. The PET blow-molded bottie suffers from its relatively low T (70°C) which results in severe bottie distortion if the temperature of the contents approaches T (the maximum fill temperature is 60 65 C). A brief heat... 

Another difference between hot and cold elastomeric SBR latices is that hot types are carried to < 90% conversion and not normally shortstopped. The cold latices are usually shortstopped at ca 60—80% conversion. Again the desired physical properties of the contained copolymer are responsible for these differences. Cold latices are used in applications where the modulus, eg, in foam, or retention of physical properties at high filler loadings, eg, in fabric backing, are required. The cold latices are generally suppHed at a higher soHds concentration than the hot series because of these uses. 

Hot potassium carbonate is generally considered for bulk acid gas removal applications. Often a secondary removal step using an alkanolamine is also used to meet product specifications. 

H. T. Larker, in T. Garvare, ed.. Hot Isostatic Pressing Theories and Applications, Centek Pubbshers, Lulea, Sweden, 1988. 

Measurement of the hotness or coldness of a body or fluid is commonplace in the process industries. Temperature-measuring devices utilize systems with properties that vaiy with temperature in a simple, reproducible manner and thus can be cahbrated against known references (sometimes called secondaiy thermometers). The three dominant measurement devices used in automatic control are thermocouples, resistance thermometers, and pyrometers and are applicable over different temperature regimes. 

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