Filling temperature

Acid foods generally require the simplest equipment for heat preservation. The food can be heated to 100°C and filled hot into suitable containers. The containers are sealed, inverted to sterilize the closure, held at the filling temperature for a short time to ensure that the package is thoroughly heated, and then cooled. Tomato sauces, jellies, fmits, fmit juices (qv), and pickles are routinely preserved in this fashion. 

Hot-Fill Applications. A growing market for blow-molded containers is the so-called hot-fill market. This covers such items as tomato ketchup, pasteurized fmit juices, and salad dressings that are packaged while sti11 hot. The PET blow-molded bottie suffers from its relatively low T (70°C) which results in severe bottie distortion if the temperature of the contents approaches T (the maximum fill temperature is 60 65 C). A brief heat... 

The solubility of a gas generally decreases with any increase in temperature. So, if a solution in a closed receptacle is heated above the filling temperature during transport or storage, loss of gas can result on opening or liquid discharge. 

Fill temperature, max. °C Tensile strength, psi Water absorption, 24 hr., % Elongation, %... 

Figure 1.87. Summary of filling temperatures of fluid inclusions from Neogene vein-type deposits in Japan. Solid circle represents average filling temperatures of fluid inclusions for individual deposits (Shikazono, 1985b).

Filling temperature and NaCl eq. concentration of fluid inclusions from epithermal gold-silver and base-metal vein-type deposits (Shikazono and Shimizu, 1992)... 

Figure 1.152. Salinity (NaCI eq.wt.%) and filling temperatures for the base metal vein-type (solid circle), Kuroko-type (solid square) and precious vein-type deposits (open circle) in southwest Hokkaido (Shikazono and Shimizu, 1993).

Figure 1.178. Comparison between the stannite-sphalerite temperatures and filling temperatures of fluid inclusions or sulfur isotope temperatures. NT Nakatatsu, OB Obira, KN Kano, KG Kuga, TM Tsumo, KM Kamioka, OT Ohtani, KU Kaneuchi, Ak Akenobe, TT Takatori, YT Yatani (Shimizu and Shikazono, 1985).

Shikazono, N. (1985d) A comparison of temperatures estimated from the electrum-sphalerite-pyrite-argentite assemblage and filling temperatures of fluid inclusions from epithermal Au-Ag vein-type deposits in Japan. Econ. Geol, 80, 1415-1424. 

This section does not apply to permanently closed piping systems, such as fluid-filled, temperature responsive devices. 

For Cr-doped GaAs it is usually easy to make n m 107 cm - 3, with light from a typical monochromator (Look, 1977a), and if [Pg.107]

Stir (9) into the hot oil mixture, and immediately pour hot water slurry into hot oil mixture, stirring well to emulsify. Continue moderate agitation while cooling to filling temperature. 

Depending on the fill temperature, which is usually around 70-80°C, the filled containers will be held for the required time before being placed in a hydro-cooler. Containers should be cooled to below 25°C before being stacked. This will avoid further low-temperature cooking of product inside a stack of containers. Labelling is carried out after air-drying the containers. 

The filling temperature is critical for some pharmaceutical products. It is therefore decisive for the subsequent freeze-drying process that the filled vials pass through a known and reproducible course of temperature and time when the vials are pushed on to the cold shelves, as shown in Figure 2.72. 

SBC can be processed on most conventional blow molding and injection blow molding equipment designed for many other types of polymers with little or no equipment modifications. This includes continuous, accumulator head, or reciprocating screw extrusion blow molding equipment. Bottles made from SBC have been used widely for applications such as honey bears. The SBC will withstand the moderate hot fill temperatures required for this application. 

Obviously, the overpressure depends on the filling temperature, the sterilization temperature, the ratio between solution volume and head volume, etc., but at 121°C, it is on average approximately 1.4 bar. Clearly, this phenomenon cannot be ignored suffice it to note that the stopper of glass bottles with a mouth having a cross-section of approximately 4 cm would be subjected to an expulsion force of approximately 6 kg. 

It is common to produce natural cloudy juices and concentrates as standard products from specific fruit varieties such as citrus, exotic fruit and also from apple, pear and berries. Freshly squeezed juices can be bottled as such. The juice is heated (85° -90°C) and hotfilled into clean bottles. The bottles are closed and then immediately cooled with water as quickly as possible to avoid deterioration of the juice due to the high temperature. The high filling temperature sterilises bottles and product. 

Depending on market requirements dessert and milk drinks are heated under UHT, sterilisation or fresh product conditions. The filling temperatures vary from hot fill to cold aseptic filling. Heating and cooling process with sterile products are carried out... 

Takeda M, Norisuye T, Shibayama M (2000) Critical dynamics of cross-linked polymer chains near the gelation threshold. Macromolecules 33 2909-2915 Te Nijenhuis K (1997a) Thermoreversible networks. Introduction. Adv Polym Sci 130 1-12 Te Nijenhuis K (1997b) Thermoreversible networks. Gelatin. Adv Polym Sci 130 160-193 Theiss D, Schmidt T, Dorschner H, Reichelt R, Arndt K-F (2005) Filled temperature-sensitive poly(vinyl methyl ether) hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 98 2253-2265 Toomey R, Freidank D, Riihe J (2004) Swelling behavior of thin, surface-attached polymer networks. Macromolecules 37 882-887... 

Add item 14 with mixing and cool to desired fill temperature. 

UQUIFIABLE GASES Those which, at the normal filling temperature and pressure, remain as a liquid in the cylinder. 

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