Hormonal Medroxyprogesterone

Health Initiative Memory Study reported that hormone replacement with either estrogen alone or estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone resulted in negative effects on memory.22... 

The answer is e. (Hardman, p 12740 Medroxyprogesterone is used as a second-line hormone therapy for metastatic breast or endometrial carcinoma that was previously treated with surgery and radiation. 

Drug-induced osteoporosis may result from systemic corticosteroids (prednisone doses greater than 7.5 mg/day), thyroid hormone replacement, some antiepileptic drugs (e.g., phenytoin, phenobarbital), depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, and other agents. 

Low-dose hormone therapy (conjugated equine estrogen 0.45 mg and medroxyprogesterone acetate 1.5 mg/day) has demonstrated equivalent symptom relief and bone density preservation without an increase in endometrial hyperplasia. Whether such lower doses will be safer (cause less venous thromboembolism and breast cancer) remains to be seen. 

In a similar type of data collection, during 2000 to 2001 Wozniak (2002) examined the incidence of anabolic hormone residues in 5393 animals, consisting of cattle, pigs, horses, rabbits, chickens, geese, turkeys, ducks, and fish. Wozniak assayed for residues of diethylstibestrol, hexesterol, dienestrol, zeranol, trenbolone, and 19-noresterone. In addition, 632 cattle and swine were assayed for medroxyprogesterone and 1176 were assayed for natural 17-p-estradiol and testosterone. In only three heifers and two cows did serum testosterone exceed the MRL (EC 0.5 pg per liter) two bulls and four cows had an increased content of 17-(3-estradiol in their blood. A total of 11 animals of the 5393 examined (0.2%) had excessive quantities of hormone materials in their system. None of the other animals showed evidence of the presence of... 

In 1992, the US FDA approved a long-acting contraceptive device containing synthetic progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) hormones. Manufactured by Pfizer, Inc., it is sold under the trade name Depo-Provera . It is typically injected into a woman s buttocks or upper arm, and renders her temporarily sterile for up to 3 months. ... 

Progestins, steroid compounds similar to progesterone, such as hydroxyprogesterone caproate (28.3.6), medroxyprogesterone acetate (28.3.7), and megestrol acetate (28.3.7), are used for palliative treatment of breast carcinomas and renal tumors. Progestins can have a direct local effect on cells, and can simultaneously lower the quantity of leutenizing hormone. 

Medroxyprogesterone acetate Synthetic progestogen Treatment of menstrual disorders, endometriosis and hormone responsive cancer. Also used as long-acting contraceptive... 

Only one implantable contraceptive preparation is available at present in the USA. Etonogestrel, also used in some oral contraceptives, is available in the subcutaneous implant form listed in Table 40-3. Several hormonal contraceptives are available as vaginal rings or intrauterine devices. Intramuscular injection of large doses of medroxyprogesterone also provides contraception of long duration. 

Estrogen/ Conjugated + Medroxyprogesterone (Prempro, Premphase) [Estrogen/Progestin Hormones] WARNING ... 

Medroxyprogesterone acetate is given in a relatively high dose for hormonal contraception and acts primarily by inhibiting ovulation. However, as with the other progestogen-only contraceptives, other mechanisms probably play a very significant role. It is extremely effective, with less than one pregnancy per 100 woman-years. 

For women with epilepsy, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate is a particularly useful contraceptive method, because it reduces seizure frequency (11). The dosage is so high that reduced efficacy due to enzyme-inducing anti-epileptic medication is not an issue. As with other hormonal contraceptives, some women tend to have headaches and mood changes. 

Medroxyprogesterone, while suppressing spermatogenesis, also depresses release of growth hormone induced by insulin or arginine (13). 

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