High levels of safety

Some systems normally do not have any specific supply airflow, though they could have some air supply. These are used when a volume (normally a room) is intended to have a lower pressure than the surrounding rooms. This so-called pressurization of zones is used when a high level of safety against spreading of contaminants is needed. A high pressure difference between two rooms causes the air to flow into the room with the lowest pressure if some cracks exist or some connection between the two rooms is opened. 

Fire tubes can lead to fire or explosion if there is a leak of crude oil into the tubes or failure of the burner controls. An explosion could be sudden and lead directly to injury. Therefore, a high level of safety is required. 

The main devices used for mosquito protection in households have been mosquito coils, electric mosquito mats, and liquid vaporizers, all of them methods that vaporize insecticides into the air using heating by means of fire or electricity to control the insects. In recent years, new anti-mosquito products have been commercialized such as fan vaporizers, paper strip type emanators, and resin net type emanators which vaporize insecticides without heating. In all of these products pyrethroid insecticides are used as active ingredients because they are superior in what is called knockdown effect, where noxious insects are rapidly paralyzed and cannot bite, and have a high level of safety for humans. 

The high level of safety and reliability required of nuclear power stations has meant that systematic estimates of polymer lifetime have been performed more widely here than in any other industry. The approach is described in Section 5.3. Many applications of polymers are in locations that cannot be monitored by regular inspection. The practice has been to subject polymers in these regions to independent assessment or environmental qualification , a process in which their potential degradation mechanisms are identified within a worst case environment of 40 °C and high humidity. If the predicted lifetime of a component is less than the design life of 40 years a schedule is laid down for its replacement. 

The opioids generally have a high level of safety when used in therapeutic dosages. However, there are several notable exceptions. Morphine and other opioids are contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity reactions to the opioids. In addition, morphine should not be used in patients with acute bronchial asthma and should... 

Those methodologies can guarantee a very high level of safety of the distribution network and permit also the planning of an adequate predictive maintenance programme that can strongly dimmish the risk of failures. 

On analyzing the clinical data so far obtained, moxifloxacin has been found to be highly valuable in practice due to its excellent pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as its high level of safety and tolerance [233]. 

Certificates are issued not only for individual apparatus. In the same way, an intrinsically safe system e.g. composed of a sensor, cable, power supply and meter amplifier, can be certified. This practice is customary in the Anglo-Saxon countries (United Kingdom, USA). Here, only those apparatus shall be planned and fitted which are listed or specified in the system certificate. So, a high level of safety results for the planner and user since the intrinsically safe system in its entirety (including all components) has been examined. When, however, another component has to be fitted, e.g. due to the nonavailability of a specified device, the system shall be certified again (see Section 6.9.6). 

Noting that comprehensive measures have been and are being taken to ensure a high level of safety in nuclear activities, aimed at preventing nuclear accidents and minimizing the consequences of any such accident, should it occur. 

When operating a spray drying plant for flavourings, the explosion hazard should be determined and the correct protective measures should be taken. The before-mentioned low-oxygen spray drying system and the closed-cycle system offer a high level of safety and the additional advantage of low emission. 

Two issues with the route, however, needed attention. In the first transformation, NaCN is charged to the system, and is followed by the addition of HCl gas. A considerable amount of time was devoted to monitoring and minimizing the amount of cyanide that tracked through the first step of this process. This insured an extremely high level of safety, understanding, and accountability for cyanide mass balance. 

It is important to maintain a high level of safety awareness in pharmaceutical factories. To this end the importance of training cannot be over-emphasised. 

Present nuclear power plants must be designed and operated to current safety objectives and principles in order to achieve a high level of safety. Nuclear power has a small environmental impact when operating as designed, but faces serious public concerns about the risk of oif-design accidental releases. This has stimulated the current engineering concentration on reducing the probability of such accidents. 

These enormous achievements have been possible in part because internationally agreed principles and procedures are in place to secure high levels of safety, efficacy, and quality of vaccines. Vaccines differ from therapeutic medicines first because of the biological and thus inherently variable nature of the products themselves, the raw material used in their production, and the biological methods used to test them. Thus, special expertise and procedures are needed for their manufacture, control, and regulation. The use of appropriate standard materials and reference preparations, whenever they exist, is fundamental to the standardization and control of vaccines [9]. 

Under the guidance of a good safety culture coal mines can establish a good safety management system, and thus encourage their employees to have sufficient security knowledge, a high level of safety... 

The second easy but not very effective solution is to write procedures for human operators to follow and then assume the engineering job is done. Enforcing the following of procedures is unlikely, however, to lead to a high level of safety. 

Safety culture is primarily set by the leaders of the organization as they establish the basic values under which decisions will be made. This fact explains why leadership and commitment by leaders is critical in achieving high levels of safety. 

The process safety business is permeated with regulations, rules, codes, and standards. And these rules are important—one large oil company estimated that 80% of its incidents in the year 2006 could have been avoided had workers simply followed the rules. Yet, although compliance with the rules helps ensure a high level of safety performance, it can also induce a false sense of confidence when it comes to safety— particularly catastrophic accidents. Such false confidence is based on an assumption that the occurrence of all possible incident scenarios has been anticipated by the writers of the rules and regulations. Such an assumption is, of course, highly unlikely to be correct, not least because most serious accidents are unusual, even weird. 

Human beings have a number of basic needs. In the relative affluence of modern life, it is all too easy to lose sight of what our basic needs are and what just makes life more comfortable. Certainly food must rate as our most basic need and the need for adequate shelter is very high on the list. Emotional security is dependent upon many things but in most societies adequate shelter from the elements is of profound importance. Of course, it is the provision of shelter for various purposes which is the professional concern of structural engineers, and the very high level of safety required of structures by the general public is probably a consequence of this basic emotional dependence upon safe shelter. 

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