High Density Lipoprotein HDL cholesterol

Antihypercholesterolemic effect. Polico-sanol, administered orally to normocholes-terolemic New Zealand rabbits at doses of 5-200 mg/kg for 4 weeks, significantly reduced total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) serum levels in a dose-dependent manner. Serum triglyceride (TC) levels of the treated and control animals were significantly different, but the reduction observed was not dose-dependent. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels remained unchanged. The results indicated that the reduction in total cholesterol values induced by policosanol was mainly mediated through a decrease in LDL-C levels . Policosanol was administered to patients who were obese (body mass... 

In vivo studies were also conducted by several researchers. Anraku et al. (2009) examined the antioxidant effects of water-soluble chitosan in normal subjects by measuring the reduction of indices of oxidative stress. Treatment with chitosan for 4weeks produced a significant decrease in levels of plasma glucose and the atherogenic index, and led to an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Chitosan treatment also lowered the ratio of oxidized to reduced albumin and increased total plasma antioxidant activity. Further, Anraku et al. (2011) proved the antioxidant effects of high MW chitosan in normal volunteers, and the obtained results were consistent with previous results observed by Anraku et al. (2009). 

Maes M, Smith R, Christophe, A, et al. Lower serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in major depression and in depressed men with serious suicidal attempts Relationship with immune-inflammatory markers. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997 95 212-221. 

The typical sunflower oil composition is 66-72% linoleic acid, 12% saturated acids (palmitic and stearic), 16-20% oleic acid, and less than 1% a-linolenic acid. An increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and a decrease of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are believed risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD). Diets rich in saturated fat increase plasma total and LDL-C. Traditional high-linoleic sunflower oil has always been regarded as healthy because of its high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and relatively low content in saturated fatty acids. 

Baycol was indicated as an adjunct to diet to reduce elevated total-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apo B, and triglycerides (TG) and to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia (Fredrickson types Ila and Ilb) when the response to dietary restriction of saturated fat and cholesterol and other nonpharmacological measures alone had been inadequate. Therapy with lipid altering drugs should bea component of multiple risk factor intervention in those patients at significantly high risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease due to hypercholesterolemia. 

Sharpe M, Ormrod D, Jarvis B. Micronized fenofibrate in dyslipidemia a focus on plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2002 2(2) 125-132 discussion 133-134. 

VA-HIT Veterans Administration High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) Intervention Trial VCAM-1 Vascular cell adhesion molecule VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor VLDL Very low-density lipoproteins WHI Women s Health Initiative WHO World Health Organization WOSCOPS West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study... 

Fatty acids affect CHD risk, in part, via effects on plasma lipids and lipoproteins. A meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials (Mensink et al., 2003) reported that saturated and trans fatty acids increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), whereas unsaturated fatty acids decrease LDL-C. Saturated fatty acids, MUFA, and PUFA all increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), whereas trans fatty acids do not. Both MUFA and PUFA decrease the TC to HDL-C ratio, whereas trans fatty acids increase it, and SFA have little effect (Fig. 20.4). 

Serum Lipid Analysis. Blood samples were withdrawn from the marginal ear-vein after overnight food deprivation every 2 wk until the termination of the experimental periods. Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and tri-acylglycerol (TG) concentrations were determined using enzymatic methods. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated according to Friedewald et al. (14). 

High-density lipoprotein (HDL), 2591, 2596 High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), 3668... 

In 3000 autopsies of persons aged 15-34 whose deaths were caused by either accident, homicide, or suicide, the extent of fatty streaks and raised lesions in the right coronary artery (RCA) and abdominal aorta positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and obesity. Because they also were associated negatively with HDL-C and positively with smoking for atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta, controlling risk factors should start in adolescence (8). 

Low serum values of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are an important risk factor for CAD and severe LEAD (4,7,8). In men, low blood levels of HDL are found in very symptomatic patients with disabling intermittent claudication. 

In a study with nearly 1500 patients at high cardiovascular disease risk who did not achieve LDL-C treatment targets, switching from rosuvastatin 10 mg to ezetimibe plus atorvastatin 20 mg produced reductions in LDL-C and attainment of LDL-C <100 or <70mg/dL than uptitration of rosuvastatin to 20mg. Moreover, the addition of ezetimibe to atorvastatin 20 mg also produced reductions in total cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and all measured lipid and lipoprotein ratios than either atorvastatin 40 mg or rosuvastatin 20 mg [6]. 

Blood lipid profiles were measured during the studies and consisted of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and triglycerides. In HMB-supplemented snbjects, HDL cholesterol showed no change, while in the placebo-supplemented subjects, a 4% increase in HDL cholesterol was seen (p < 0.04). Of particnlar interest is that supplemental HMB significantly (p < 0.03) lowered total cholesterol by 3.7% in all snbjects and by 5.8% in subjects with cholesterol levels over 200 mg/dl. The decrease in total cholesterol with HMB supplementation was mainly the result of a significant decrease in LDL cholesterol... 

---