Herpes simplex virus inhibitor

Crute JJ, Grygon CA, Hargrave KD, Simoneau B, Faucher AM, Bolger G, Kibler P, Liuzzi M, Cordingley MG (2002) Herpes simplex virus heUcase-primase inhibitors are active in animal models of human disease, Nat Med 8 386-391... 

The Case Study Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Thymidine Kinase Substrates and Inhibitors... 

Despite the protective effect of NO against various viral infections, workers in several studies have shown a harmful role of NO in many systems. NO seems to play a part in the development of pneumonia caused by influenza virus [128], in the pathogenesis in mice of tick-borne encephalitis flavivirus infection [131], and in worsening the course of the murine myocarditis caused by coxsackievirus B3 [132]. In addition, pneumonia in mice induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 could be suppressed by the inhibitor of iNOS [133]. The issue of whether NO acts as an inhibitor of viral replication or as a harmful agent, therefore, remains unanswered. This issue is particularly evident in HIV-1 infection, since NO seems to act as a double-edged sword in the pathogenesis of HIV-1. 

Aoki, H., T. Akaike, K. Abe, et al. Antiviral effect of oryzacystatin, a proteinase inhibitor in rice, against Herpes Simplex Virus Type I in vitro and in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995 39(4) 846-849. 

Viral DNA polymerase is an important catalyst for the synthesis of viral nucleic acids. DNA polymerase inhibitors have already been encountered as antitumor agents. Ara-A (9.5, vidarabine) is a DNA polymerase inhibitor that has demonstrated activity against herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) infections, responsible for cold sores on... 

O. Wildner, R. M. Blaese, and J. C. Morris, Synergy between the herpes simplex virus tk/ganciclovir prodrug suicide system and the topoisomerase I inhibitor topo-tecan, Hum. Gene Ther. 10 2619 (1999). 

It is also a well established fact that dextran sulfate modulates the immune response with effects on macrophages [119], proliferation of B-lymphocytes [120], and helper T-lymphocytes [121], It has been implicated as an activator of C3 via the alternative pathway of complement [122]. Numerous reports claim that dextran sulfate is a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and other pathogens [123-125]. 

Abstract The inhibitory action of polyanionic substances on virus replication was reported more than 50 years ago. Seaweeds, marine invertebrates, and higher plants represent abundant sources of novel compounds of proved antiviral activity. Natural sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) are potent in vitro inhibitors of a wide variety of enveloped viruses, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), dengue virus (DENV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza A virus. Several polysulfate compounds have the potential to inhibit virus replication by blocking the virion binding to the host cell. In contrast, their in vivo efficacy in animal and human systemic infections has undesirable draw-... 

Jirr L, Penrg G-C, Nesbunr AB, Jorres C, Wechsler SL (2005) The baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis gerre (cpIAP) carr restore reacdva-dorr of laterrcy to a herpes simplex virus type 1 that does rrot express the laterrcy associated transcript (LAT). J Virol 79 12286-12295. 

Useful antiviral properties were shown by 2-amino-9-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)methyl-8-azapurin-6-one, the azapurine analog of the purine antiviral drug acyclovir, which is much used in treating human herpes. 9-(2-Hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylcyclopentyl)-8-azaadenine and -hypoxanthine were found to be potent inhibitors of herpes simplex virus (type 1 only) in vitro. 

Eight different varieties of Echinacea were found to have antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus (HSV) Type I in vitro. The two most potent inhibitors found were ethanol extracts of E. pallida var. sanguinea and n-hexane extracts of E. purpurea (13). 

Wozniak MA, Frost AL, Itzhaki RF (2013) The helicase-primase inhibitor BAY 57-1293 reduces the Alzheimer s disease-related molecules induced by herpes simplex virus type 1. Antiviral Res 99 401—404... 

A further report has been made on phaglcin, a protein material from phage-infected Escherichia coli that has shown antiviral effects against vaccinia and herpes simplex infections of the eye.Apparently this protein is a poor antigen. Hydroxyurea is an inhibitor of DNA synthesis in a number of biologic systems, including those of vaccinia and herpes simplex viruses. Because viral protein synthesis... 

Additional studies investigating nicotine and its biological effects are numerous a few examples will be listed here. The damage induced increase in alkaloid production in Nicotiana, and its mechanism have been investigated [44,45], Nicotine biosynthesis continues to be studied [46,47] and has included the use of NMR [48]. A synthesis of 1 from 3,3 -dipyridyl was reported [49]. Nicotine showed potential as a molluscicide [50], it was a potent inhibitor of TAK-induced activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes [51], and it caused reduction of herpes simplex virus type 1 production, as well as reduction of viral attachment to cell membranes [52]. Mechanisms involved in the behavioral and cognitive effects of nicotine have been investigated [53]. 

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