Hepatocellular liver carcinoma cells

MCF-7) and a human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2) in vitro. 

R. officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) Human ovarian cancer cell lines (SK-OV-3 and HO-8910) and human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line (Bel-7402) Wang et al. (2012b)... 

The antioxidant capacity of red grapes was evaluated in HepG2 (human hepatocellular liver carcinoma) cells and positively correlated with the total phenolic content and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values of grape extracts. Results suggest that increasing fruit consumption is a suitable strategy to counteract oxidative stress [106]. 

HepG2 Human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line... 

Acalypha wilkesiana van macafeana hort. Din et al. [236] studied the properties of Acalypha wilkesiana var. macafeana hort, used to heal wounds in Malaysian traditional medicine. Acalypha wilkesiana ar. macafeana hort. protected human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells exposed to tert-butylhydroperoxide, and protected cells against oxidative injuries, showing potent antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. These effects might be exerted bygeraniin [236],... 

The volume of work on the antitumor activity and cytotoxicity of ILs and ILBSs is limited, with more publications on the effects ILs than their surface-active counterparts. Although discussion on the former class of compounds is outside the scope of the present article, we note that imidazolium-, phosphonium-, and ammonium-based ILs have been employed against 60 human tumor cell lines, including brain tumor cells, [83], human hepatocellular liver carcinoma [84], HeLa cancer cells [85], and human melanoma cell lines [86],... 

Chang T, Hughes-Fulford (2009) Monolayer and spheroid culture of human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line cells demonstrate distinct global gene expression patterns and functional phenotypes. Tissue Eng Part A 15 559-567... 

Rats fed diets containing 30 or 300ppm ammonium perfluorooctanoate for 2 years had increased liver weights with occasional necrosis and an apparent dose-dependent increase in Leydig cell adenomas, but there was no evidence of an increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. In a follow-up study in male mice, 300ppm in the diet for 2 years caused increases in liver, Leydig cell, and pancreatic acinar cell tumors that may have been associated with the peroxisome-proliferating capabilities of the compound. Ammonium perfluorooctanoate also produced sustained increases in serum estradiol concentrations. ... 

Cell lines established from human liver cancer cells can be derived from primary hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoblastoma cells [10]. For example, the well known HepG2 fine was derived from hepatoblastoma cells. Such cells can be employed effectively if the function of normal liver cells has been highly preserved. In practice, however, such cells contain a high proportion of abnormal genetic component, which inhibits their ability to express normal protein synthesis and enzyme activity. Potential problems, such as the loss of liver specific functions and the possibifity of metastasis, which could arise from the use of hepatoma cells have not yet been satisfactorily discussed [13]. 

Fibrinogen is assembled in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the liver. In human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, the newly synthesized Bj3 chains are secreted and used more rapidly than the Aa and 7 chains, so that a large intracellular pool of free Aa and 7 chains exists (Yu et al, 1984). In contrast, the Aa chains are the limiting factor in cultured rat or chicken hepatocytes (Hirose et al., 1988 Plant and Grieninger, 1986). Stimulation by serum results in a 20-fold increase in secretion of fibrinogen and comparable levels of all three chains (Baumhueter et al, 1989). 

LOEL 250 mg/kg/day (mice) 125 mg/kg/day [10, 11] (rats) hepatocellular hypertrophy NOEL 10 mg/kg/day increases in liver and [1] kidney weights, increases in the incidence of hepatocellular hypertrophy, increases in thyroidparathyroid weights, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the thyroid high incidences of trace-to-mild chronic nephritis in kidneys of male rats and increased pigmentation of the renal tubules in female rats LOAEL = 312 mg/kg/day (rats) 125 mg/kg/day [10, 11] (mice) hepatocellular neoplasms and adenomas or adenocarcinomas of the liver mononuclear cell leukemia adenomas or hyperplasia of the renal tubular cells in exposed male rats follicular cell adenomas or carcinomas of the thyroid in exposed female rats and female mice alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas or carcinomas in male mice 52 mg/kg Paroil intestinal activities of aryl [13] hydrocarbon hydroxylase (increase), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (decrease) and epoxide hydrolase (increased)... 

GZ (23) has been used to treat patients with chronic hepatitis B but the mechanism for the improvement of liver function remains to be determined [134]. GZ was shown to inhibit the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBs Ag) secretion in vitro by using as source of hepatocytes the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (PLC/PRF/5) in culture [135]. A study conducted in guinea pig after administration i.v. of GZ confirmed the previously reported results [134], GZ was detected at concentration of 31.8 ig/g of liver. This indicated that GZ administered intravenously might bind to hepatocytes at a concentration at which it could modify the expression of HBV-related antigens on the hepatocytes and suppress the secretion of HBsAg. GZ was shown to have antiviral activity in vitro... 

Hela, PLC (human liver carcinoma) and SMMC-7721 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) HT-29 cancer cells MCF7... 

A 2-year carcinogenicity bioassay of tricresyl phosphate in mice and rats showed no evidence of carcinogenicity in these species (NTP 1994). Doses (consumed in feed) were <37 mg/kg/day in mice and < 15 mg/kg/day in rats. Dietary administration of tributyl phosphate was associated with transitional and squamous cell carcinomas of the bladder in rats after 2 years of exposure at 143.3 mg/kg/day (FMC 1994a). An increased incidence of hepatocellular adenomas in the liver was observed in mice after dietary administration of 455 mg/kg/day tributyl phosphate for 18 months (FMC 1994b). 

Marked disturbances in the distribution of ploidy (diploid and tetraploid nuclei) have been observed in the livers of male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a dietary concentration of 100 ppm mirex (equivalent to 5 mg/kg/day) for 13 months (Abraham et al. 1983). Mirex selectively reduced the number of tetraploids with the most significant reduction noted in hepatocellular carcinomas however, nuclei in the areas adjacent to these tumors were also primarily composed of diploids. These data should be interpreted with caution since isolation of nuclei from tumors is difficult and because "of the fantastic variety of forms that tumor nuclei assume" (Smuckler et al. 1976). Similarly, the relevance to humans is not clear since human liver is mainly composed of diploid cells (99%) and contains few tetraploids (Adler et al. 1981). 

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