Fruit consumption

Botterweck AA, van den Brandt PA and Goldbohm RA. 1998. A prospective cohort study on vegetable and fruit consumption and stomach cancer risk in The Netherlands. Am J Epidemiol 148(9) 842-853. 

Vatanparast H, Baxter-Jones A, Faulkner R, Baile D and Whiting S. 2005. Positive effects of vegetable and fruits consumption and calcium intake on bone mineral accrual in boys during growth from childhood to adolescence the University of Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study. Am J Clin Nutr 82 700-706. 

Villegas R, Shu XO, Gao YT, Yang G, Elasy T, Li H and Zheng W. 2008. Vegetable but not fruit consumption reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese women. J Nutr 138(3) 574—580. 

Voorips LE, Goldbohm RA, van Poppel G, Shumans F, Hermus RJ and van den Brandt PA. 2000. Vegetable and fruit consumption and risk of colon and rectal cancer in a prospective cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 152 1081-1092. 

Thompson HJ, Heimendinger J, Haegele A, Sedlacek SM, Gillette C, O Neill C, Wolfe P and Conry C. 1999. Effect of increased vegetable and fruit consumption on markets of oxidative cellular damage. Carcinogenesis 20(12) 2261-2266. 

Figure 20.2 Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of selected cancers for the highest vs. the lowest levels of fruit consumption. Italy, 1991-2005.

Cl, 0.37-0.71) for flavanones, 0.62 (95% Cl, 0.43-0.89) for flavonols, and 0.56 (95% Cl, 0.40-0.78) for total flavonoids. No significant association emerged for other classes of flavonoids. The ORs were consistent across strata of age, sex, education, body mass index, tobacco, and alcohol. After allowance for vegetable and fruit consumption, the inverse relations with total flavonoids and flavanones remained significant, whereas that with flavonols became nonsignificant. None of the associations was significant after further allowance for... 

The study on renal cell carcinoma (Table 20.8) showed that flavonols (OR, 0.69, 95% Cl, 0.50-0.95) and flavones (OR, 0.68, 95% Cl, 0.50-0.93) were inversely related to the risk of renal cancer [Bosetti et al., 2007], Allowance for vegetable and fruit consumption only partly explained the inverse relation with flavonoids. No other study systematically investigated the relation between flavonoids and renal cancer risk. 

AHS+ 6 yr 30,516 M-F Fruit consumption protects from lung cancer (189)... 

CARETa 4 yr 14,120 Reduction of lung cancer for the higher versus lowest guintile of fruit consumption (209)... 

In the U.S., the average daily intake of anthocyanins has been estimated to be 215 mg during the summer and 180 mg during the winter. However, there are limited quantitative data available, but similar methodology indicates that the concentrations can be quite variable in any one food. - A recent report demonstrated that increased childhood fruit intake, but not vegetable, was associated with reduced risk of incident cancer. Thus, childhood fruit consumption may have a long-term protective effect on cancer risk in adults. Because a major difference between fruits and most vegetables is the anthocyanin content, further study is needed to demonstrate a clear relationship between anthocyanin intake and cancer. 

M. Joffe and A. Robertson. The potential contribution of increased vegetable and fruit consumption to health gain in the European Union. Public Health Nutrition 4 (2001) 839-901... 

Thompson, H.J., Heimendinger, J., Haegele, A., Sedlacek, S.M., Gillette, C., O Neill, C.. Wolfe, P. and Conry, C. Effect of increased vegetable and fruit consumption on markers of oxidative cellular damage Carcinogenesis, 20, 1999, 2261-2266. 

As a fruit scientist, I readily admit that we know far too little about the direct health benefits of fruit consumption, not to mention those fruits categorized as superfruits, but fortunately for us all, Dr. Paul Gross has taken on the daunting challenge to reveal the elusive world of super-... 

Carey IM, Strachan DP, Cook DG Effects of changes in fresh fruit consumption on ventilatory function in healthy British adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998 158 728-733. 

Duttaroy, A.K. and Jorgensen, A. 2004. Effects of kiwi fruit consumption on platelet aggregation and plasma lipids in healthy human volunteers. Platelets 15, 287-292. 

From the above results, it suggests that the abundant vegetable and fruit consumption with their rich carotenoids and ascorbic acid (49) intakes could inhibit their reductions in both bone size and the number of bone marrow lesions which are essential for the prevention and treatment against the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis [24]. 

A health effect of fruit consumption and ascorbic acid (49) intake might be essential to their improvements against the reduction in bone size and many bone marrow lesions because two these symptoms [of the reduction in bone size and many bone marrow lesions also could be the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis. Especially, ascorbic acid (49) might have the high potential of the diet to modify the risk of osteoarthritis [24]. 

---