Heparinic acid sodium salt

The sodium salts of sulphuric acid esters of dextran are used as anticoagulants for the same purposes as heparin. 

At a relative humidity of 80%, the sodium salt of pig-mucosal heparin shows a fiber repeat of 1.65 nm, with a triclinic unit-cell containing one chain. The sodium salt of macromolecular heparin from rat skin, at 78% r.h., showed a repeat of 1.73 nm, and crystallized in an orthorhombic unit-cell. After 24 hours at 84% r.h., the repeat changed to 1.65 nm, the pattern corresponding to that of pig-mucosal heparin. The stereochemistry of the chain in terms of the chain repeat and , i/r maps was discussed. It was suggested that the chemical formula for heparin is poly[(l— 4)-/3-D-GlcpA-(l— 4)- -d-GlcNAcp], and a scheme of 5-epimerization of /3-D-glucuronic acid to a-L-iduronic acid was discussed. 

The chemical structure was deduced to involve mainly (1 —> 4)-linked 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-a-D-glucose 6-sulfate and (1 —> 4)-linked 2-sulfated a-L-idopyranosyluronic acid residues. The X-ray patterns from sodium salts of hog-mucosal heparin index with a triclinic unit-cell, having a = 1.30 nm, b = 1.02 nm, c = 1.65 nm, a = 104°, /3 = 96°, and y = 116°, containing one chain. The macromo-lecular heparin from rat skin, at 84% relative humidity (r.h.), gives a pattern consistent with a highly oriented version of the hog-mucosal heparin. On lowering the r.h. to 76%, the repeat distance along the fiber axis increases to 1.73 nm, with meridional reflections on the even layer-lines. 

The term heparin has not been used consistently since its introduction it usually implies the sodium salt of the sulfated polysaccharide, but many other salts are known. Perhaps a more logical name would be hepariiiic acid the sodium salt would then be termed sodium heparinate, and the naturally occurring complex which contains the anticoagulant, protein heparinate. In this Chapter, the term heparin signifies the sodium salt, unless otherwise qualified. 

Astrup and Jensen converted the crystalline barium acid salt to the sodium salt of heparin, which they subjected to elemental analysis. Results in good agreement with those of Charles and Scott were claimed w hen allowance was made for the hydration. Reinert and Winterstein also prepared heparin by the benzidine-salt procedure and obtained 25-50 mg. 

Jorpes " associated activity with degree of sulfation (see page 361), and he reported that his amorphous preparations had a sulfur content of 13.5 % (sodium salt basis). The fractionation procedures (brucine salt) were performed on heparins obtained from various tissues, " and it was postulated that the heparin material was not a definite compound but was a mixture of mucoitin polysulfuric acid esters. Fractions corresponding in their sulfur content to mono-, di-, and tri-sulfates (per disaccharide period) were obtained, together with sulfur-free fractions (see also Marbet and Winter-stein ). The most active material had a sulfur content of 13.8%, corresponding to three sulfate groups per disaccharide unit. 

The ll-palm-A -THC can be hydrolyzed to II-OH-A -thc by cholesterol esterase and triacylglycerol lipase but not by phospholipase A, acetylesterase or phosphotransacetylase (16). An attempt to modify the retention of fatty acid-conjugated DDT metabolites was carried out by injecting the DDT-treated rats with sodium salt of various bile acids, heparin or lecithin of which all were known to affect the esterification or ester hydrolysis by the cholesterol esterase system. The results Indicated a significant decrease in the retention of the conjugated DDT metabolites in the rat liver and spleen (17). 

Sodium salt has a special connotation in describing these substances. The almost universal practice in analyses of heparin preparations is to bum a sample moistened with sulphuric acid in oxygen, weigh the ash, and calculate from the sulphated ash the equivalent sodium. This is evidently a questionable practice. The metal cations bound must be identified. As heparin and heparinoids complex with ions, there is interference with various colour and precipitation reactions for ions unless the heparin sample is first subjected to combustion. Flame analyses of Boots and Evans heparin for... 

Synonyms Heparin sodium salt Sodium acid heparin Sodium heparin (INCI) Sodium heparinate... 

Heparin sodium salt. See Heparin sodium Heparin sulfate. See Heparin HEPPS HEPPS. See 3-f4-(Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinylj-propanesulfonic acid 1,3,4,6,7,9,9b-Heptaazaphenalene-2,5,8-triamine 1,3,4,6,7,9,9b-Heptaazaphenalene, 2,5,8-triamino-. See Cyamelurotriamide Heptacosafluorotributylamine. See Perfluorotributylamine Heptadecafluorodecahydro (trifluoromethyl) naphthalene. See Perfluoromethyidecalin Heptadecafluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-Heptadecafluoro-1-octanesulfonic acid. See Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid Hepta decafluoro (trifluoromethyl) decalin. See Perfluoromethyidecalin Heptadecane. See n-Heptadecane n-Heptadecane... 

Chapter 9. A substrate used in the assay of L-iduronic acid 2-sulphate sulphatase was obtained from sodium heparinate by methanolysis followed by nitrosation. Disaccharide monosulphates presumed to contain D-(methyl a-L-idopyranosiduronate-2-sulphate)-(l 4)-2,5-anhydro-D-mannose were isolated by gel filtration. Brucine L-guluronate and o-mannuronate, on the other hand, were obtained by treatment with brucine of the barium salts of the acids formed on hydrolysis of alginic add. ... 

Heparin ( a-heparin ), a blood anticoagulant, is found in liver, lung, thymus, spleen, and blood. It can be extracted from autolyzed beef liver by sodium hydroxide. After tryptic digestion of the proteins, heparin is precipitated with acidic ethanol (57), Heparin is usually crystallized as the barium salt. Purification through the free acid and reformation of the barium salt causes a decrease in the activity, as heparin is labile toward acidic... 

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