Heparin macromolecular

Aminoalkyl anthracene derivatives have already featured prominently in this discussion with regard to their proton responsive fluorescence. Some of these in their protonated form also appear in a fluorescent signalling role in association with macromolecular species which is however unconnected with PET action. These mono- or oligocations bind to polyanions such as DNA and heparin [87, 88]. On one hand, this can lead to excited state association between two sensor cations residing on the same polyanionic strand. Acridine orange with its cationic jr-system also exhibits a related behaviour which has been... 

At a relative humidity of 80%, the sodium salt of pig-mucosal heparin shows a fiber repeat of 1.65 nm, with a triclinic unit-cell containing one chain. The sodium salt of macromolecular heparin from rat skin, at 78% r.h., showed a repeat of 1.73 nm, and crystallized in an orthorhombic unit-cell. After 24 hours at 84% r.h., the repeat changed to 1.65 nm, the pattern corresponding to that of pig-mucosal heparin. The stereochemistry of the chain in terms of the chain repeat and , i/r maps was discussed. It was suggested that the chemical formula for heparin is poly[(l— 4)-/3-D-GlcpA-(l— 4)- -d-GlcNAcp], and a scheme of 5-epimerization of /3-D-glucuronic acid to a-L-iduronic acid was discussed. 

To understand the significance of this occurrence, it is necessary to follow the pharmacodynamic action of macromolecular polysaccharide, which is complex. The essential point is that heparin and its analogs normally produce a clearing effect in lipemic plasma, probably attributable to activation of a lipase which hydrolyzes triglycerides (15). In the presence of an excess of low density lipoprotein, this clearing mechanism is imperfect, and there is reason to believe that the low density component actually inhibits the process. If, as seems likely, the heparin-clearing effect bears... 

Addition of low concentrations of various macromolecular polyanions [notably poly-L-glutamate, poly-L-aspartate, or heparin at pH 7.4, or poly(A) at pH 6.5] under conditions that do not result in nonenzymatic precipitation of vesicular secretion proteins markedly enhances... 

Macromolecular group-specific ligands include proteins that are used widely in the purification of biologically relevant macromolecules. Important macromolecular ligands are lectins (for the isolation of glycoproteins), protein A and protein G (for the purification of immunoglobulins), calmodulin (for Ca-dependent enzymes), and the polysaccharide heparin (for the purification of clotting factors and other plasma proteins). 

A heparin-degrading enzyme isolated from a transplantable murine mastocytoma hydrolysed some of the bonds in macromolecular mastocytomal [ S]heparin, yielding products similar in size to commercial heparins. ... 

Although the linkages cleaved in macromolecular heparin were only tentatively identified, the enzyme appears to act on regions of the chain containing 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucosyl residues. D-Glucopyranosyluronic acid residues are exposed by the action of this enzyme, which is a heparin hydrolase (an endo-D-glucuronidase),... 

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