Heart section

Fig. 19 Nitroblue tetrazolium stained heart sections of rabbits with acute myocardial infarction treated with PL (left panel), saline placebo (middle panel) and IL (right panel). The sites of left circumflex coronary artery occlusion can be seen in the middle and right panels to be at the 4th slices by the presence of the silk sutures. Normal myocardium is stained purple or brown, whereas the infarcted regions remain as light colored regions.

After perfusion studies, remove heart and slice transversely into 3-4 approximately 3 mm thick heart sections. 

Enlarged mitochondria are occasionally noted in heart sections examined by the electron microscope. This has given rise to the term megamltochon-dria" (Vodovar et al., 1973 Engfeldt and Brunius, 1975b), which may be somewhat misleading since moderate mitochondrial enlargement may be a fairly common occurrence (Schiefer et ai, 1978 Bodak et ai, 1979). 

Necropsy did not reveal any gross abnormalities. In the heart sections from either group, no lesions were observed that were morphologically similar to that reported in LEAR oil fed rats. A certain amount of hypercellularity around some of the myocardial vessels was seen in both groups. Such changes are often seen in young canine heart sections and have not been associated with any functional derangement. 

The problem of myocardial necrosis in rats has received the greatest attention in attempts to correlate myocardial necrosis to myocardial lipid changes. Myocardial necrosis has been observed in male rats irrespective of the dietary oil or fat, provided a sufficient number of heart sections (Vies et al., 1976 and 1978) or a sufficient number of rats (Hulan et a/., 1977d) are examined. Dietary fats high in saturated fatty acids (Hulan et a/., 1976 Kramer et a/., 1981 Farnworth et a/., 1982) and linoleic acid (Vies et a/., 1978) are associated with a low incidence of heart lesions, whereas diets which contain linolenic acid (McCutcheon eta/., 1976 Hulan eta/., 1977a Vies et a/., 1978) and erucic acid (Abdellatif and Vies, 1973) are associated with a high incidence of heart lesions. A statistical analysis of much of the heart lesion data clearly showed this correlation of dietary fatty acids to heart lesions (see Chapter 17, Table XXV). 

Whereas the Double Hearts section showed how double subject pop-ups can be made when both subjects are large in area, this section shows how two subjects that are very different in shape and size can be made not only to pop-up, but also to touch (the arrow must always pierce the heart). These new requirements necessitate a new set of technical criteria. As always, it is important to measure and assemble with care. 

It is reported that the extract of the tubers of Aamitum plants showed cardiotonic activity, and, as already discussed, coryneine, which is classified as a phenylethylamine-type alkaloid, showed cardiotonic activity against the isolated guinea pig heart (Section 1.1). From the Kampo medicine Bushi prepared from the tubers of Aconitum sp., higenamine (oL-demethylcoclaurine) was isolated [6]. DL-demethylcoclaurine was already synthesized at that time [7]. 

FIGURE 3.15 Detection of cardiolipins as cesium (Cs)-adducted negative ions. A. MALDI-MS spectrum of (18 2)4 cardiolipin (CL) from rat heart section. The inset magnifies the m/z region between 1420 and 1520. DHA matrix was used at 30 mg/mL. B. MALDI-MS spectrum of (18 2)4 CL from rat heart section in the presence of Cs ions. The relative abundance of sodiated and potassiated CL was significantly decreased by Cs addition [31]. 

Robb R.A., et. al. The Dynamic Spartial Reconstructor a computed tomography system for high-speed simultaneous scanning of multiple cross section of the heart., J. Med. Syst., V. 4, 1980, p. 253-288. 

Low density lipoprotein (LDL) (Section 26 11) A protein which cames cholesterol from the liver through the blood to the tissues Elevated LDL levels are a nsk factor for heart disease LDL is often called bad cholesterol... 

There is no limit to the possible configurations of electric furnaces. They exist as single-phase or polyphase, a-c or d-c, and one to six or more electrodes. The furnace cross sections can be round, heart-shaped, oval, rectangular, or variations of each. Some furnaces, especially those for silicon production, have a rotating hearth and shell. 

The assumption of uniform corrosion is also at the heart of the measurements made by the electrical resistance (ER) probes. Again, ASTM Standard G96 outhnes the method for using ER probes in plant equipment. These probes operate on the princi e that the electrical resistance of a wire, strip, or tube of metal increases as its cross-sectional area decreases ... 

The reactor is often the heart of a chemical process. It is the place in the process where raw materials are usually converted into products, and the reactor design is therefore a vital step in the overall design of the process. The treatment of reactors in this section is restricted to a discussion of the... 

We start with synthetic organic polymers. Since about 1930, a variety of synthetic polymers have been made available by the chemical industry. The monomer units are joined together either by addition (Section 23.1) or by condensation (Section 23.2). They are used to make cups, plates, fabrics, automobile tires, and even artificial hearts. 

Sections and all measurements after a single dose were carried out after 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 120 hours following injection of the compounds. In the case of 3-7 fold administration, the animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last dose. Rats were sacrificed under ether narcosis, mice - by dislocation of the spinal cord. Then livers and blood from heart were collected. 

Cardiovascular Effects. Eesions in the heart and blood vessels have been reported in humans acutely intoxicated with methyl parathion (Wofatox) (Fazekas 1971) and are discussed in Section 3.2.2.2. However, many of these lesions may be secondary to the effects of methyl parathion on the conduction system of the heart, to other components ingested, or to therapeutic regimens that some of these patients received. 

To conclude this section, we can state that all of the theories presented hitherto, even when starting from general principles, inevitably embody several assumptions, which in fact represent the heart of the analysis. However, the physical meaning of these assumptions usually is not known, so that no theory is able to predict in which reaction series isokinetic behavior appears and in which it does not. Neither is the structural theory of organic chemistry able to make such a prediction and to define the terms reaction series or similar reactions or small structure changes it can only afford many examples. 

Only a few residues show more than 75% sequence identity, including four glycine residues, a proline residue at the beginning of the Pro loop, and a phenylalanine residue in a position corresponding to the conserved residue Tyr 165 of the bovine heart Rieske protein. However, structure prediction and sequence comparison with Rieske proteins from bci complexes suggests that the fold will be very similar in all Rieske-type ferredoxins, as in the other Rieske or Rieske-type proteins (see Section III,B,1). 

In bovine heart mitochondrial bc complex, the trans conformation is observed for Pro 175 of the Rieske protein in the P6s22 crystal form, whereas the cis conformation is observed in the P6s crystal form 42) (see Section III,B,5). 

In be complexes bci complexes of mitochondria and bacteria and b f complexes of chloroplasts), the catalytic domain of the Rieske protein corresponding to the isolated water-soluble fragments that have been crystallized is anchored to the rest of the complex (in particular, cytochrome b) by a long (37 residues in bovine heart bci complex) transmembrane helix acting as a membrane anchor (41, 42). The great length of the transmembrane helix is due to the fact that the helix stretches across the bci complex dimer and that the catalytic domain of the Rieske protein is swapped between the monomers, that is, the transmembrane helix interacts with one monomer and the catalytic domain with the other monomer. The connection between the membrane anchor and the catalytic domain is formed by a 12-residue flexible linker that allows for movement of the catalytic domain during the turnover of the enzyme (Fig. 8a see Section VII). Three different positional states of the catalytic domain of the Rieske protein have been observed in different crystal forms (Fig. 8b) (41, 42) ... 

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