Subjective doubles

Syndrome of Subjective Doubles, in which the patient believes that other people are becoming him. In some cases, the patient sees doubles of himself morphing into other people, or the patient believes himself to be an impostor or in the process of being replaced. This syndrome was described by Siomopoulos and Goldsmith in 1975. 

A within-subject, double-bhnd, placebo-controlled, parallel design has been used to measure the effects of citalo-pram (20 mg/day) and fluoxetine (20 mg/day) on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alprazolam (1 mg/day) (45). Fluoxetine significantly impaired the metabolism of a single oral dose of alprazolam 1 mg, leading to prolongation of the half-life and an increased AUC, whereas citalopram did not. Neither SSRI significantly affected the pharmacodynamic effects of alprazolam. This experiment suggests differential effects of citalopram and fluoxetine on alprazolam kinetics. 

Information is limited, but the interaction between doxycycline and alcohol appears to be established and of clinical significance in alcoholics but not in non-alcoholic individuals. One possible solution to the problem of enzyme induction is to give alcoholic subjects double the dose of doxycy-cline. Alternatively tetracycline may be a suitable non-interacting alternative. There is nothing to suggest that moderate or even occasional heavy drinking has a clinically relevant effect on any of the tetracyclines in non-alcoholic subjects. 

As an approximation, an increase in sound pressure level of 8-1 OdB corresponds to a subjective doubling of loudness. There are a number of different ways of calculating the loudness, and the loudness level in phon should be referenced to the method used. 

The treatment may be made more detailed by supposing that the rate-determining step is actually from species O in the OHP (at potential relative to the solution) to species R similarly located. The effect is to make fi dependent on the value of 2 and hence on any changes in the electrical double layer. This type of analysis has permitted some detailed interpretations to be made of kinetic schemes for electrode reactions and also connects that subject to the general one of this chapter. 

Ethyl acetoacetate may also be subjected to double alkylation Show how you could prepare 3 methyl 2 butanone by double alkylation of ethyl acetoacetate ... 

Fig. 2. Illustrations of forces to which adhesive bonds are subjected, (a) A standard lap shear specimen where the black area shows the adhesive. The adherends are usually 25 mm wide and the lap area is 312.5 mm. The arrows show the direction of the normal apphcation of load, (b) A peel test where the loading configuration, shown by the arrows, is for a 180° peel test, (c) A double cantilever beam test specimen used in the evaluation of the resistance to crack propagation of an adhesive. The normal application of load is shown by the arrows. This load is appHed by a tensile testing machine or other...

In 1981, Chinese Restaurant Asthma was reported following capsule administration of MSG to several asthmatics (37). However, the researchers failed to account for other allergens to which the subjects could have been exposed and did not utilize the scientific practice of a "control" substance which would have helped to determine if glutamate triggered this response. In a double-blind crossover study, chronic asthmatics were challenged with MSG or a placebo. No decrease in pulmonary function was observed (39). 

Tartar emetic was the subject of controversy for many years, and a variety of iacorrect stmctures were proposed. In 1966, x-ray crystallography showed that tartar emetic contains two antimony(III) atoms bridged by two tetranegative D-tartrate residues acting as double bidentate ligands to form dipotassium bis[D-p.-(2,3-dihydroxybutanedioato)]diantimonate [28300-74-5] (41). 

Butadiene, the simplest conjugated diene, has been the subject of intensive theoretical and experimental studies to understand its physical and chemical properties. The conjugation of the double bonds makes it 15 kJ/mole (3.6 kcal/mol) (13) more thermodynamically stable than a molecule with two isolated single bonds. The r-trans isomer, often called the trans form, is more stable than the s-cis form at room temperature. Although there is a 20 kJ/mole (4.8 kcal/mol) rotational barrier (14,15), rapid equiUbrium allows reactions to take place with either the s-cis or r-trans form (16,17). 

Trifluoromethylpteridine and its 7-methyl and 6,7-dimethyl derivatives (69JCS(C)l75l) are, as expected, even more subject to hydration. The first two are essentially completely hydrated across the 3,4-double bond at equilibrium in neutral solution and the last is partly hydrated. On dissolution of 4-trifluoromethylpteridine in aqueous acid the 5,6,7,8-dihy-drated cation is the main product initially, rearranging more slowly to the thermodynamically more stable 3,4-hydrate. 

The burden must have a definite sohdification temperature to assure proper pickup from the feed pan. This limitation can be overcome by side feeding through an auxiliary rotating spreader roll. Apphcation hmits are further extended by special feed devices for burdens having oxidation-sensitive and/or supercoohng characteristics. The standard double-drum model turns downward, with adjustable roll spacing to control sheet thickness. The newer twin-drum model (Fig. ll-55b) turns upward and, though subject to variable cake thickness, handles viscous and indefinite solidification-temperature-point burden materials well. 

Before leaving the starting time subject, it should be mentioned that once a reasonable starting time has been established, there is no merit in penalizing the motor by doubling the time. As mentioned earlier, gross oversizing as opposed to a conservative approach leads to an inefficient overall operation. 

The proximity of the methyl group to the double bond in natural rubber results in the polymer being more reactive at both the double bond and at the a-methylenic position than polybutadiene, SBR and, particularly, polychlor-oprene. Consequently natural rubber is more subject to oxidation, and as in this case (c.f. polybutadiene and SBR) this leads to chain scission the rubber becomes softer and weaker. As already stated the oxidation reaction is considerably affected by the type of vulcanisation as well as by the use of antioxidants. 

---