Health effects neurological disorders

Health effects that have been associated with lead exposures during infancy or childhood include, anemia (Schwartz et al. 1990) (and related disorders of heme synthesis), neurological impairment (e.g., encephalopathy), renal alterations, and colic (Chisolm 1962, 1965 Chisolm and Harrison 1956), and impaired metabolism of vitamin D (Mahaffey et al. 1982 Rosen and Chesney 1983). Death from encephalopathy may occur with PbB levels 125 pg/dL. In addition to the above effects, the following health effects have been associated with lead exposures either in utero, during infancy or during... 

Campylohacteriosis is a widespread infection. It is caused by certain species of Campylobacter bacteria and in some countries, the reported number of cases surpasses the incidence of salmonellosis. Foodborne cases are mainly caused by foods such as raw milk, raw or undercooked poultry, and drinking water. Acute health effects of campylohacteriosis include severe abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and diarrhea. In 2% to 10% of cases the infection may lead to chronic health problems, including reactive arthritis and neurological disorders. 

The objective of this chapter is to put into perspective some of the current knowledge with respect to trace metals and their health implications. Potential adverse health effects of occupational exposures to trace metals are dis cussed cancer (arsenic, beryllium chromium nickel, and perhaps cadmium) chronic lung disease (beryllium and cadmium) neurologic and reproductive disorders (lead and mercury) and kidney disorders (lead and cadmium). Also discussed are the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended standards for occupational exposure to several trace metals, the difficulty of establishing safe levels of exposure (particularly for carcinogens), and problems involved in identifying toxic components of trade name products. Special attention is given to the role of chemists to help protect the public health. 

Neurotoxicity is an important adverse health effect not only of hundreds of environmental contaminants and occupational chemicals but also of several pharmaceutical drugs. Indeed, several drugs are known to induce neurological complications such as cognitive impairment, cerebellar syndromes, or neuromuscular disorders.5-56 Most chemotherapeutic drugs induce neuropathies,57 while a wide array of pharmaceuticals have been associated with headaches.58... 

Many of the major global problems existing today stem fi"om the introduction of chemical substances into a media in which they may result in harm to human health and the environment. In certain instances seeking a solution to the problem, or the use of alternative substances, may involve the introduction of new chemicals into the environment, the long-term effects of which may still be unknown. In this connection, in the last 2 decades concern over acute health effects has broadened to include such chronic effects as birth defects, genetic and neurological disorders and cancer. 

CHRONIC HEALTH RISKS cardiac arrhythmia liver damage kidney effects menstrual disorders spontaneous abortions neurological effect impairment of intelleetual function impairment of memory and eoncentration increased risk of leukemia in children EPA Group B2/C probable human carcinogen. 

Some solvents are also toxic and/or carcinogenic which contributes to direct health problems. They are pollutants that have been associated with serious health effects such as cancer, liver or kidney damage, reproductive disorders, and developmental or neurological problems.They also have detrimental environmental effects on wildlife and degrade wa-... 

In some cases occupational exposures to phthalates have been associated with adverse health effects. A case-control study among a population of Danish workers employed in PVC production for 5 years or greater demonstrated a significant increase in the risk of multiple myeloma.Phthalate mixtures containing BBP have been associated with respiratory or neurological effects and cancer,increased incidence of menstrual disorders, and spontaneous abortions. " A stutfy of college students with no known exposure to phthalates found a ne tive correlation between DBP concentration and sperm density or total number of sperm. - However, this study did not consider con-founders nor did it provide ample evidence for a causal relationship of sperm characteristics to DBP levels. There were no human health data available for DEHP, DIDP, DINP, DnHP, norDnOP. 

L. inflata L. is a traditional medicinal plant native to North America. It contains several piperidine alkaloids. The main alkaloid is lobeline which has a stimulatory effect on the respiratory center and it is applied in the cases of asthma, gas- and narcotic-poisoning. Thus, lobeiine is currently the subject of renewed interest for the treatment of drug abuse and neurological disorders, like Alzheimer s or Parkinson s disease, which pose an important public health problem in industrial countries. As lobeiine can act as a competitive nicotinic receptor antagonist, it is frequently used in antismoking preparations. Interest in Lobelia alkaloids, and in particular (-)-lobeline, the most active of them, has increased in recent years due to their activity on the central nervous system (CNS). 

A large number of industrial chemicals are hindering children s development, lowering IQ scores, and triggering attention and behavior disorders. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) studies have revealed a large number of chemical substances that cause damage to the human nervous system. The Lancet identified 201 chemicals with the ability to cause neurological effects in humans. Many chemical substances with neurotoxic potential have not been... 

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