Hazards of Pesticides

M.J. Hooper, L.W. Brewer, G.P. Cobb, and R.J. Kendall, An integrated laboratory and field approach for assessing hazards of pesticide exposure to wildhfe, in Pesticide Effects on Terrestrial Wildlife, eds. L. Somerville and C.H. Walker, Taylor Francis, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 271-283 (1990). 

Barata C, Damasio J, Lopez MA, Kuster M, De Alda ML, Barcelo D, Riva MC, Raldua D (2007) Combined use of biomarkers and in situ bioassays in Daphnia magna to monitor environmental hazards of pesticides in the field. Environ Toxicol Chem 26(2) 370-379... 

Oomen PA (1986) A sequential scheme for evaluating the hazard of pesticides to bees Apis mellifera. Med Fac Landbouww Rijksuniv Gent 51/3b 1205—1213... 

Felton FC, Oomen PA, Stevenson JH (1986) Toxicity and hazard of pesticides to honeybees harmonization of test methods. Bee World 67 114—124... 

Weil CS, Condra NJ, Carpenter CP. 1971. Correlation of four hour vs. 24 hour contact ski penetration toxicity in the rat and rabbit and use of the former for prediction of relative hazard of pesticide formulations. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 18 734-742. 

Halfon, E., Galassi, S., Briiggermann, R., Provini, A. (1996) Selection of priority properties to assess environmental hazard of pesticides. Chemosphere 33(8), 1543-1562. 

S.L. Wagner, The acute health hazards of pesticides, in Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Toxicology of Pesticides, J.M. Witt, ed., Oregon State University Cooperative Extension Service, Corvallis, OR, 1989. 

Pesticide Action Network Asia-Pacific (PAN-AP)4 is the regional arm of PAN-International, and is co-ordinated from Kuala Lumpur. It has autonomous national branches such as those in the the Philippines and Indonesia. PAN-AP is dedicated to helping women, agricultural workers, farmers and peasants protect their health and environment, as well as ensure their safety from hazards of pesticide use. It believes that pesticides are unnecessary and harmful thus their use must be reduced if not altogether eliminated. For this reason, PAN-AP closely monitors pesticide production, trade and use. 

WHO. 1975. World Health Organization. Chemical and biochemical methodology for the assessment of hazards of pesticides for man. WHO Tech Rep Ser 560 5-27. 

In 1992, the USEPA published its Worker Protection Standard (WPS) Final Rule (USEPA, 1992). This WPS contains provisions intended to inform agricultural employees about the hazards of pesticides, and provides specific protective clothing requirements for pesticide handlers. In conducting any field study, the... 

Crome, S.J. (1985). Worker exposure to pesticides during use, in Occupational Hazards of Pesticide Use, G.J. Turnbull, D.M. Sanderson and J.L. Bonsall (Eds), Taylor Francis, London, pp. 117-168. 

T he subject of " Identification of Pesticides at the Residue Level is both timely and important in this period when we are actively reviewing the values and hazards of pesticide usage, since such a review is dependent upon reliable analytical data. Therefore, the reporting of unconfirmed residue data is misleading and can often result in controversy. The use of infrared spectrophotometry has pioneered in this important task of confirming the identity of pesticide residues. 

Communication of the realistic hazards of pesticides to the general public has been more difficult. Dr. Ronald Hart s statement that risk assessment techniques must be upgraded to use them more effectively, is an illustration. The approach using several orders of magnitude difference in numerical risk assessments simply is untenable when one tries to apply this in practice and communicate the idea to the public. Clearly, the techniques of risk... 

Comparing health hazards of pesticides with other toxicants present in the market basket... 

Behan PO, Haniffah BAG Chronic fatigue syndrome a possible delayed hazard of pesticide exposure (letter). Clin Infect Dis 18 (suppl 1) S54, 1994 Biskind MS, Bieber I DDT poisoning—a new syndrome with neuropsychiatric manifestations. Am J Psychother 3 261-270, 1949 Blair A, Dosemeci M, Heineman EF Cancer and other causes of death among male and female farmers from twenty-three states. Am J Ind Med 23 729-742,1993 Boyd EM, Chen CP Lindane toxicity and protein-deficient diet. Arch Environ Health 17 156-163, 1968... 

It is considered that the hazard of pesticides for humans should be determined, largely by their ability to biocumulate. It is now possible to obtain data on the prognosis of toxic effects during long-term intake of chemicals and to prescribe safe exposure levels. 

Table 23 The basis for the hazards of pesticides used in Romania...

Ecobichon, D. J. (1998). Biological monitoring Ncurophy.sio-logical and behavioral assessments, In Occupational Hazards of Pesticide Exposure, Sampling, Monitoring, Measuring (D. J- Ecobichon, Ed.), pp. 209-230. Taylor Franci.s, Philadelphia. 

The potential health hazards of pesticides and other chemicals that may be handled or encountered, and the signs and symptoms of intoxication. 

Our lack of knowledge regarding the fate of chemicals in the aquatic environment has resulted often in poorly defined issues and confused public concern regarding the hazards of pesticides to human health and our environment. We already have seen evidence of increasing legislative... 

There is no apparent reason for the recent decrease in pesticide poisonings since the amount of pesticides imported and used has increased and no radical change in the type and hazardousness of pesticides used and the application technology chosen has taken place. 

Scientists have a responsibility to their profession and to future generations to facilitate the objective and complete evaluation of the potential health and environmental hazards of pesticides. We are all living today with the consequences of the failures of the past. It is time to put into practice the old adage that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. ... 

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