Hazards availability

The chemical companies maintain chemical properties sheets including hazardous quantities. A general listing of companies on the Internet can be reached at web site http //www.neis.com/chemical companies.htmI. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services publishes the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, available from NIOSH Publications Mail Stop C-13,4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, phone 1-800-35-NIOSH or on the Internet http //www.cds.gov/niosh/homepage.html. 

OSHA Safety Health Topics Radiation - Laser Hazards, available http //www.osha.gov/SLTC/laserhazards/ index.html accessed 16 November 2009. 

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Information Profiles on Potential Occupational Hazards, available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va., 1993. 

The National Institutes of Healths Office of Research Facilities. Mercury Health Hazards, Available online. URL http //orf. od.nih.gov/Environmental+Protection/Mercury+Free/ MercuryHealthHazards. htm. 

As the law currently stands, employers have developed a variety of edtematives to placard and label notification. These alternatives serve a variety of purposes other than the protection of trade secrets. For instance, some employers believe that excessive labelling in the workplace can confuse workers, but nonetheless want to make information on hazards available. 

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards available at http //www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/ (accessed September 14, 2009). 

Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office, Environmental Protection Agency. How to Prevent Runaway Reactions—Case Study Phenol-Formaldehyde Reaction Hazards available at http //www.epa.gov/emergencies/docs/chem/ gpcasstd.pdf (accessed March 19, 2009). 

Historic Buildings and the Lead Paint Hazard, available from ... 

The assessment of the contribution of a product to the fire severity and the resulting hazard to people and property combines appropriate product flammabihty data, descriptions of the building and occupants, and computer software that includes the dynamics and chemistry of fires. This type of assessment offers benefits not available from stand-alone test methods quantitative appraisal of the incremental impact on fire safety of changes in a product appraisal of the use of a given material in a number of products and appraisal of the differing impacts of a product in different buildings and occupancies. One method, HAZARD I (11), has been used to determine that several commonly used fire-retardant—polymer systems reduced the overall fire hazard compared to similar nonfire retarded formulations (12). 

An important newer use of fluorine is in the preparation of a polymer surface for adhesives (qv) or coatings (qv). In this apphcation the surfaces of a variety of polymers, eg, EPDM mbber, polyethylene—vinyl acetate foams, and mbber tine scrap, that are difficult or impossible to prepare by other methods are easily and quickly treated. Fluorine surface preparation, unlike wet-chemical surface treatment, does not generate large amounts of hazardous wastes and has been demonstrated to be much more effective than plasma or corona surface treatments. Figure 5 details the commercially available equipment for surface treating plastic components. Equipment to continuously treat fabrics, films, sheet foams, and other web materials is also available. 

Although it is widely recognized as a hazardous substance, large volumes of HF are safely manufactured, shipped, and used, and have been for many years. Excellent manuals describing equipment and procedures for the safe handling of hydrogen fluoride are available from manufacturers (16,17,42). 

There are a large number of standard methods suitable for each stage in the hazard analysis and risk assessment procedure. The selection of the proper method depends on several factors. Some of these are the type of process, the stage in the lifetime of the process, the experience and capabiUties of the participants, and the step in the procedure that is being examined. Information regarding the selection of the proper procedure is available in an excellent and comprehensive reference (1). 

Methods for performing hazard analysis and risk assessment include safety review, checkhsts, Dow Fire and Explosion Index, what-if analysis, hazard and operabihty analysis (HAZOP), failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), fault tree analysis, and event tree analysis. Other methods are also available, but those given are used most often. 

The remaining step in the hazard identification and risk assessment procedure shown in Figure 1 is to decide on risk acceptance. For this step, few resources are available and analysts are left basically by themselves. Some companies have formal risk acceptance criteria. Most companies, however, use the results on a relative basis. That is, the results are compared to another process or processes where hazards and risks are weU-characterized. 

The physical piopeities of the coimneicially available nitio alcohols aie given in Table 1. Except for nitiobutanol, these nitio alcohols are white ciystalline sohds when pure. They are thermally unstable above 100°C and purification by distillation is a hazardous procedure. 

Physical Properties of Monomers. 1-Butene [106-98-9] is a colorless, flammable, noncorrosive gas its physical properties are fisted in Table 1, and its thermodynamic properties are available (16). Because 1-butene has a very low flash point, it poses a strong fire and explosion hazard. 

AEROPHINE 3418A promoter is widely used ia North and South America, AustraHa, Europe, and Asia for the recovery of copper, lead, and ziac sulfide minerals (see Elotatton). Advantages ia comparison to other collectors (15) are said to be improved selectivity and recoveries ia the treatment of complex ores, higher recoveries of associated precious metals, and a stable grade—recovery relationship which is particularly important to the efficient operation of automated circuits. Additionally, AEROPHINE 3418A is stable and, unlike xanthates (qv), does not form hazardous decomposition products such as carbon disulfide. It is also available blended with other collectors to enhance performance characteristics. 

Inhalation of certain fine dusts may constitute a health hazard. Eor example, exposure to siUca, asbestos, and beryllium oxide dusts over a period of time results ki the potential risk of lung disease. OSHA regulations specify the allowable levels of exposure to kigestible and respkable materials. Material Safety Data Sheets, OSHA form 20, available from manufacturers, provide information about hazards, precautions, and storage pertinent to specific refractory products. 

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