Large generators

Figure 16.14 A typical protection scheme in a large generating station...

Level of ground fault current for large generators... 

Manufacturers of large generators, 200 MW and above, recommend the ground fault current, /g to be limited in the range of 5-15 A and a fault clearing time of the order of 5-30 seconds to protect the machine and avoid overheating of the grounded steel frame. It is also... 

When such large generating units are connected to a power grid the bus system connecting the generator and... 

Utility companies have a power system network including large generating plants, overhead transmission lines, power substations which reduce transmission line voltages to distribution line voltages, and over-head/underground distribution lines which carry power to the end users (such as a production facility). 

Large generators typically use Babbitt bearings, which are non-rotating, lined metal sleeves (also referred to as fluid-film bearings) that depend on a lubricating film... 

Large generator designs incorporate two or three separate casings. The turbine is broken down into three areas high-pressure (HP)... 

Most large generator designs also incorporate a regenerative FW heating facility where from 20 to 30% of the throttle steam may be withdrawn from the turbine at various points to provide the necessary heating. In addition, the primary steam requirement for the FW pump turbines is extracted from the main turbine at the IP to LP crossover point. 

External pressure implies that the pressure on the outside of the tank or vessel is greater than that in its interior. For atmospheric tanks, the development of an interior vacuum results in external pressure. External pressure can be extremely damaging to tanks because the surface area of tanks is usually large, generating bigb forces. The result of excessive external pressure is a buckling of the shell walls or total collapse. In some cases wind velocities during hurricanes have been sufficient to knock down and collapse tanks. 

In hepatocytes and adipocytes, cytosolic NADPH is largely generated by the pentose phosphate pathway (see Fig. 14-21) and by malic enzyme (Fig. 21-9a). The NADP-linked malic enzyme that operates in the carbon-assimilation pathway of C4 plants (see Fig. 20-23) is unrelated in function. The pyruvate produced in the reaction shown in Figure 21-9a reenters the mitochondrion. In hepatocytes and in the mammary gland of lactating animals, the NADPH required for fatty acid biosynthesis is supplied primarily by the pentose phosphate pathway (Fig. 21-9b). 

V. Galiatsatos and W. L. Mattice, ]. Comput. Chem., 11, 396 (1990). Efficient Formulation of the Large Generator Matrices Required for Computation of the Higher Moments, and Mixed Moments, of Conformation-Dependent Properties. of Chain Molecules with Independent Bonds. 

Energy Cow pats and brushwood Large generating stations... 

Scientific program consists of seven sessions which cover most of possibilities of chemical conversion of carbon dioxide. As for carbon dioxide exhausts from large generation sources, it should be concentrated and separated, followed by the rapid conversion into valuable compounds. Once carbon dioxide diffuses into the atmosphere, it is preferable to be incorporated into the plant through the biochemical methods. For six sessions, one plenary lecture and one key note lecture were done. One special lecture was delivered by Dr. Mary Preville of lEA. 

To make a large generation dendrimer, monomers with large aspect ratio are needed, so that f > vq. For example, to make a perfect tetrafunctional (n=f 4) seventh generation dendrimer requires / /vq>3. 

In hepatocytes and adipocytes, cytosolic NADPH is largely generated by the pentose phosphate pathway (see Fig. 14-21) and by malic enzyme (Fig. 21-9a). The NADP-linked malic enzyme that operates in the carbon-assimilation pathway of C4 plants (see Fig. 

Coolant for large generators and motors Nuclear fuel processing... 

Somewhere in the specification, or the data sheet, should be stated the expected life duration of the eqnipment, e.g. 25 years, and a reasonable duration of continuous service between major maintenance operations, e.g. 3, 4 or 5 years. These durations will depend upon the type of equipment, but for major items such as large generators, large high-voltage motors, switchboards, motor control centres, power transformers, these durations can be regarded as typical for the oil industry. 

Typical applications for electrical steel are in large distribution and power transformers, large generators and high-efficiency rotating machines. To reduce eddy-current loss, electrical steels are laminated into sheets which are usually 0.27-0.64 mm thick. 

DEMAND CHARGE - That part of an electric bill based on kW demand and the demand interval, expressed in dollars per kilowatt. Demand charges offset construction and maintenance of a utility s need for a large generating capacity. 

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