Thermal destruction, hazardous waste

Subsequently, modified thermal decomposition systems were developed by the University of Dayton to investigate the destruction of complex hazardous waste mixtures ]). These systems utilized various combinations of gas chromatographs/mass spectrometers/computers which were incorporated into the vaporization and decomposition process. 

Many types of incinerators may be used for thermal destruction of hazardous wastes, including the following basic types [54] ... 

The Pyretron thermal destruction technology is a burner system designed to be used in conjunction with any conventional transportable or fixed rotary kiln incinerator and is intended to increase the efficiency of conventional incineration. The commercially available technology controls the heat input during incineration by controlling excess oxygen available to oxidize hazardous waste. 

PEAT, Inc., has developed the thermal destruction and recovery (TDR) system for the treatment of medical, hazardous, and radioactive wastes. An electronic plasma heating system is used to break down wastes into three phases. The ceramic, metal, and off-gas phases can aU be used as commercial products. The technology has been evaluated in treatability studies on infectious medical waste. Department of Defense (DOD) ammunition and energetic materials, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) weapon components, ash, electronic scrap, batteries, asbestos, and organic compounds. 

The thermal destruction of hazardous wastes involves the controlled exposure of waste to high temperatures (usually 900°C or greater) in an oxidizing environment. Types of thermal destruction equipment include high-temperature boilers, cement kilns, and industrial furnaces in which hazardous waste is burned as fuel. In a properly designed system, primary fuel (100% combustible material) is mixed with waste to produce a feed for the boiler. 

Thermal destruction systems have become recognized over the past decade as an increasingly desirable alternative to the more traditional methods of disposing of hazardous wastes in landfills and injection wells. What are some of the problems in the combustion of substances such as methylene chloride, chloroform, trichloroethylene, waste oil, phenol, aniline, and hexachloroethane ... 

Gitman, G., Zwecker, M., Kontz, F., and Wechsler, T., Oxygen enhancement of hazardous waste incineration with the PYRETRON thermal destruction system, in Thermal Processes, Vol. 1, H. M. Freeman, Ed., Technomic Publishing, Lancaster, PA, 1990, 207-225. 

In a compendium of technologies used in the treatment of hazardous waste (42) technologies are categorized into physical treatment, chemical treatment, biological processes, thermal destruction, and fixation/stabilization processes. Separation technologies are contained entirely within the physical treatment processes section. Those technologies addressed are ... 

The Portable Unit has successfully demonstrated its capability for thermal treatment of hazardous wastes at the source of the material. This type of on-site treatment would eliminate the need of transportation of hazardous materials to a distant site of stationary treatment equipment. The Portable Unit also has demonstrated that it can be moved to a site and be ready to treat material very quickly, a capability which will be very important in operation of full scale equipment. The on-site treatment of the Times Beach dioxin contaminated soil resulted in no dioxin detected in any of the incinerator effluent streams. The product of the testing activity was soil with no detectable level of dioxin. Dioxin contaminated soil thermally treated in this manner will yield soil which can be disposed as non-hazardous material. The decontamination was performed without exceeding RCRA requirements for particulate emissions and with dioxin destruction efficiencies surpassing the required percentage. The overall conclusion was that the infrared incinerator can very effectively remove dioxin from contaminated... 

The analysis of the evolution and/or destruction of hydrocarbons during the incineration of MSW and hazardous waste involves heat transfer, mass transfer, and reaction kinetics. The key phenomena include the flashing of liquid hydrocarbons the vaporization, desorption, and stripping of hydrocarbons the pyrolysis and charring of hydrocarbons and the oxidation of char. To a certain extent these processes occur in parallel (steps 2, 3,4, and 5) and are common to most thermal treatment processes. 

Tyner, C. E. 1990. Application of solar thermal technology to the destruction of hazardous wastes. Solar Energy Mater. 21, 113-129. 

Incineration system System used for the thermal destruction of hazardous wastes. Usually includes a high-temperature furnace, quench, and air pollution control device. 

Thermal treatment of hazardous wastes can be used to accomplish most of the common objectives of waste treatment— volume reduction removal of volatile, combustible, mobile organic matter and destruction of toxic and pathogenic materials. The most widely applied means of thermal treatment of hazardous wastes is incineration. Incineration utilizes high temperatures, an oxidizing atmosphere, and often turbulent combustion conditions to destroy wastes. 

Name and give the advantages of the process that is used to destroy more hazardous wastes by thermal means than are burned solely for the purpose of waste destruction. 

Catalytic hydrotreatment is widely used in the petroleum Industry to remove sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen from crude oil fractions. However, its use to treat chlorocarbons has not been widely reported despite the widespread use of these compounds in industrial and military operations, and despite the negative environmental impact associated with most disposal options. Catalytic hydrotreatment has the potential to be a safe alternative for the treatment of chlorinated wastes and has advantages over oxidative destruction methods such as thermal incineration and catalytic oxidation. Some of these advantages include the ability to reuse the reaction products, and minimal production of harmful byproducts, such as CI2, COCI2, or fragments of parent chlorocarbons. 1,1,1- Trichloroethane was chosen for this research because it is widely used in industry as a solvent and is on the EPA Hazardous Air Pollutant list as a toxic air contaminant and ozone depleter. ... 

Consider the issue of designing a recycle reactor to accomplish the degradation of 99.99% of the phenol present at a concentration of 1.1 x 10 M in supercritical water at 380°C and 278 atm. This destruction level is selected on the basis of Environmental Protection Agency standards for thermal treatment of hazardous organic wastes. The corresponding inlet concentration of oxygen is 0.08 M. Prepare a plot of the reactor volume required to process 8 m /h of the supercritical aqueous solution versus the recycle ratio for values of this ratio between 0 and 20. Comment. 

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