Safety standards, hazardous wastes

Clean Air Act and its amendments ia 1970, 1977, and 1990 1967 Air Quahty Standards and National Air Pollution Acts and 1970 National Environmental PoHcy Act) (2) better waste disposal practices (1965 SoHd Waste Disposal Act 1976 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) (see Wastes, industrial Waste treatment, hazardous wastes) (i) reduced noise levels (1972 Noise Control Act) (4) improved control of the manufacture and use of toxic materials (1976 Toxic Substances Control Act) and (5) assignment of responsibiUty to manufacturers for product safety (1972 Consumer Product Safety Act) (15,16). 

Safety hazards are treated in the same manner. For example, workers who work in trenches in clean areas of the site would be covered by the OSHA Excavation and Trenching Standard, Subpart P, 29 CFR 1926. Workers who work in trenches in contaminated areas would fall under both Subpart P and HAZWOPER. Workers who do not work in trenches fall under HAZWOPER only when working in contaminated areas and would not be covered by either standard when working solely in clean areas, provided they are not exposed to safety hazards resulting from hazardous waste operations. 

If the area and eorridor ean be maintained free of safety hazards arising from the hazardous waste operation, the work probably would not fall under the requirements. In this ease, the area and eorridor would eonstitute a temporary support zone. Beeause the work involves eleetri-eal utilities, it would fall under the most proteetive standard of praetiee, sueh as OSHA s Eleetrieal Standard or the National Eleetrie Code (NEC). Also, there may be other requirements that apply. Administrative eontrols sueh as HAZWOPER-trained eseorts are used to make eertain that the utility workers are not exposed to any hazards from the operation. The proeedures to be followed are doeumented in the site-speeifie HASP [1]. 

HAZWOPER does not eover elerieal or support personnel, workers at the perimeter of a hazardous waste worksite, or workers engaged in eonstruetion aetivities in uneontaminated areas, provided they are not exposed, or have possibly been exposed, to hazards resulting from the operations. These workers would fall under the seope of other appropriate standards of praetiee that are more proteetive of health and safety [11-... 

The hazardous waste standard requires employers to make certain that when showers are a necessary step in the decontamination process, their employees shower at the end of their work shift and when leaving the hazardous waste site. Sanitation-related showers (unlike decontamination showers) are understood to be voluntary. Decontamination and emergency showers should be located close to the worksite. Sanitary showers may be located at some distance from the worksite. A statement in the safety plan encouraging good personal hygiene and daily showers is a good idea. In addition, workers should be encouraged to shower daily even if no shower is available at the worksite. 

Unless employers ean demonstrate that their operation does not involve employee exposure or the reasonable possibility for employee exposure to safety or health hazards, they should eomply with the standard. To determine if your partieular situation is eovered by the emergeney response provisions of the standard, examine the tasks of your workers to determine if they will be assigned a role or funetion as part of a response to a release of hazardous waste [2]. 

The OSHA standard (29 CFR 1910.120) mandates that site safety and health programs require task- and operation-speeifie hazard analyses be eondueted at the site. These analyses are intended to ensure a eom-prehensive and systematie approaeh to hazard antieipation, reeognition, and evaluation at hazardous waste sites. Sinee work operations and site eonditions ehange at different stages of the remediation proeess, the potential hazards assoeiated with eaeh operation must be reevaluated periodieally to ensure that employees reeeive appropriate proteetion. 

Your children may be exposed to endosulfan if unquahfied people apply pesticides around your home. In some cases, the use of pesticides that have been banned for use in homes has turned homes into hazardous waste sites. Your state licenses each person qualified to apply pesticides using EPA standards and further certifies each person qualified to apply restricted use pesticides. Ask to see the license and certification of anyone who applies pesticides for you. Also ask for the brand name of the pesticide, a material safety data sheet (MSDS), the name of the product s active ingredient, and the EPA registration number. Ask whether EPA has designated the pesticide for restricted use and what the approved uses are. This information is important if you or your family have a reaction to the product. 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 1987. Occupational safety and health standard 29 CFR 1910.120 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response, www.osha. gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show document p table=STANDARDS p id=9765. 

Safety and Health Act 1994 provides the legislative framework to promote, stimulate and encourage high standards of safety and health of workers handling chemicals, including pesticides and hazardous wastes. 

The E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (DuPont) Sabine River Works incinerator characterizes hazardous waste primarily using the facility waste analysis plan, which is required by RCRA the feed stream analysis plan, which is required by the Hazardous Waste Combustor Maximum Achievable Control Technology Standard or LDRs.29 The incinerator also must comply with the Occupational Safety and Health Administra-... 

Hazwoper OSHA s safety standard for Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (U.S. 29 CFR 1910.120)... 

Under Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), BP must be managed as a hazardous waste according to federal and/or state regulations. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) federal drinking water standard is 0.2 mg 1 . The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health occupa-... 

US Department of Labor. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Regulations (standards - 29 CFR) Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response. 1910.120 Washington, DC 2002 http //www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show document7p table = STANDARDS p id = 9765. Last accessed 4/15/06... 

Rather than establish individual cleanup standards, CERCLA assures that remedies are based on cleanup standards established by other laws (e.g. CAA, CWA, and RCRA). In conjunction with site-specific risk factors, CERCLA requires that remedies attain any legally applicable or relevant and appropriate requirements (ARARs). ARARs are standards, criteria, or limitations under federal and state environmental laws. For example, if electrokinetic remediation involves the on-site treatment, storage, or disposal of hazardous wastes, the remediation activity must meet RCRA standards for such treatment, storage, and disposal. ARARs relative to electrokinetic remediation include (a) the CERCLA, (b) the RCRA, (c) the CAA, (d) the CWA, (e) the SDWA, and (f) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations (ERA SITE Program, 2003). These six general requirements are discussed in the sections that follow. 

The committee was informed that operating and maintenance personnel from at least two plants are trained to Level 1 of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration s (OSHA) Hazardous Waste and Emergency Response Standard (HAZWOPER). Emergency responders also receive HAZWOPER training, which is required for cleanup operations at RCRA-permitted sites. 

Examples of the OSHA standards requiring hazard analyses, either directly or indirectly, include 29 CFR 1910.119 and 29 CFR 1926.64 [Process Safety Management], 29 CFR 1910.120 and 29 CFR 1926.65 [Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER)], 29 CFR 1910.1200 and 29 CFR 1926.59 [Hazard Commurrication], 29 CFR 1910.1450 [Occupational... 

OSHA issued a special regulation dealing with chemical spills. The standard, 29 CFR 1910.120, is called the Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response, or HAZWOPER. The standard covers two important parts of a plant s operation emergency response and hazardous waste operations. Emergency response roles consist of five levels—first responder awareness level, first responder operations level, hazardous materials technician, specialist level, and incident commander. Hazardous waste operations consists of the incident command system, scene safety and control, spill control and containment, decontamination procedures, and the all clear. 

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