Hazard identification and evaluation

SOPHIE Selection of Procedures For Hazard Identification and Evaluation Battelle Columbus Division 505 King Avenue Columbus, OH 43201-2693 (614) 424-6424 Assists users with selection of methods to employ for identifying and evaluating hazards in chemical and petrochemical facilities. 

In this study detailed fault trees with probability and failure rate calculations were generated for the events (1) Fatality due to Explosion, Fire, Toxic Release or Asphyxiation at the Process Development Unit (PDU) Coal Gasification Process and (2) Loss of Availability of the PDU. The fault trees for the PDU were synthesized by Design Sciences, Inc., and then subjected to multiple reviews by Combustion Engineering. The steps involved in hazard identification and evaluation, fault tree generation, probability assessment, and design alteration are presented in the main body of this report. The fault trees, cut sets, failure rate data and unavailability calculations are included as attachments to this report. Although both safety and reliability trees have been constructed for the PDU, the verification and analysis of these trees were not completed as a result of the curtailment of the demonstration plant project. Certain items not completed for the PDU risk and reliability assessment are listed. 

HAZOP (HAZard and OPerabdity study) A formal hazard identification and evaluation procedure based on the application of guide words to identify possible deviations from the intended operation of the process. 

HAZOP (HEP, 1992, Chaps. 4.7, 6.7, 14, 18 Knowlton, 1989 Lees, 2005 CPQRA, 2000, pp. 583 587). HAZOP is a formal hazard identification and evaluation procedure designed to identify hazards to people, process plants, and the environment. The techniques aim to stimulate, in a systematic way, the imagination of designers and people... 

Logic Model Methods The following tools are most commonly used in quantitative risk analysis, but can also be useful qualitatively to understand the combinations of events which can cause an accident. The logic models can also be useful in understanding how protective systems impact various potential accident scenarios. These methods will be thoroughly discussed in the Risk Analysis subsection. Also, hazard identification and evaluation tools discussed in this section are valuable precursors to a quantitative risk analysis (QRA). Generally a QRA quantifies the risk of hazard scenarios which have been identified by using tools such as those discussed above. 

Leggett, D.J. 2002. "Chemical Reaction Hazard Identification and Evaluation Taking the First Steps." AIChE Loss Prevention Symposium, New Orleans. March. 

Should there be a minimum regulatory requirement for reactive hazard identification and evaluation that apples to all facilities engaged in chemical manufacturing ... 

Good management practices include not only hazard identification and evaluation early in R D, but also issues such as MOC throughout the life of the chemical manufacturing process. The existing body of... 

UNEP (1992) Hazard identification and evaluation in a local community, UNEP technical report N. 12, United Nations Environment Programme, Paris. 

While aU of these Elements of Safety Management Systems are significant in avoiding accidents resulting in severe consequences, the section titled Hazard Identification and Evaluation is principally relevant here. It requires hazard identification and avoidance or mitigation, both on an anticipatory basis in the design process and during all phases of operations. That encompasses both routine and unusual operations. This is how the directive reads ... 

Hazard identification and evaluation procedures should be applied to all relevant stages from project conception through to decommissioning, including ... 

A Compendium of Hazard Identification and Evaluation Techniques for System Safety Applications by P. L. Clemens... 

This section describes the hazard identification and evaluation process performed for the SNL HOF and for the HOF associated radioactive material storage areas. The purpose of this information is to present a comprehensive evaluation of potential process-related, natural phenomena and external hazards that could possibly affect the public, workers, collocated workers, and the environment due to single or multiple failures or incidents. Consideration is given to all phases of isotope production operation of the HCF, including the activities, materials, facilities, and equipment of the production process. 

HazOp is used to describe both a specific analytical tool and the broader, general approach to hazard identification and evaluation in the chemical industry. 

The hazard identification and evaluation of a complex process by means of a diagram or model that provides a comprehensive, overall view of the process, including its principal elements and the ways in which they are interrelated. There are four principal methods of analysis failure mode and effect, fault tree, THERP, and cost-benefit analysis. Each has a number of variations, and more than one may be combined in a single analysis. See also Cost-Benefit Analysis Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA/FMECA) Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) THERP (Technique for Human Error Rate Probability). 

TR 12, Hazard Identification and Evaluation in a Local Community (prepared with help from Sweden)... 

Clemens, P. L. 1982. A compendium of hazard identification and evaluation techniques for system safety apphcation. Hazard Prevention, March/April 1982. 

Identifying and Evaluating Hazards in Research Laboratories , Hazards Identification and Evaluation Task Force of the American Chemical Society Committee on Chemical Safety, 2013, http //www.acs.org/ content/dam/acsorg/about/governance/committees/chemicalsafety/ide ntifying-and-evaluating-hazards-in-research-laboratories-draft.pdf, (accessed Jan 2015). 

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