Harvey Method

Salinity was obtained using the Harvey method (9) and was checked with a hand-held refractometer (9). Sihcate and phosphate analysis were obtained by a Technicon AutoAnalyzer II using standard procedures described in the EPA Methods Manual (10). 

FIGURE 7-6. Electrode design for semiquantitative spectrochemical analysis by the Harvey method standard cup electrode, 10 mg size. Dimensions in inches. [Courtesy Applied Research Laboratories.]... 

Detection limits by the Harvey method are basic to use of the method and Harvey defines detectability as the ability to see a spectrum line on a film preparatory to making density measurements. Harvey s method requires that a background appear in the spectrum, since spectral line intensities are compared to background intensity. Harvey has observed that a spectral line intensity about one and one-half times greater than background is necessary for the line to meet his definition of detectability. Background intensity thus serves the function of an internal standard. To obtain spectral line intensities from line densities also requires the preparation of an emulsion calibration curve relating intensity to density. 

USBM. The United States Bnreau of Mines (USBM) method, described by Donaldson [J6], is another commonly nsed method for determining the wettability of porons rocks. Althongh similar in overall practice to the Amott-Harvey method, it was based on the free energy change of water per nnit of pore space, 8F, accompanying a change of water satnration, 5Sw. 

We assume that the unbinding reaction takes place on a time scale long ( ompared to the relaxation times of all other degrees of freedom of the system, so that the friction coefficient can be considered independent of time. This condition is difficult to satisfy on the time scales achievable in MD simulations. It is, however, the most favorable case for the reconstruction of energy landscapes without the assumption of thermodynamic reversibility, which is central in the majority of established methods for calculating free energies from simulations (McCammon and Harvey, 1987 Elber, 1996) (for applications and discussion of free energy calculation methods see also the chapters by Helms and McCammon, Hermans et al., and Mark et al. in this volume). 

M. Hao and S. C. Harvey. Analyzing the normal mode dynamics of macro-molecules by the component synthesis method. Biopolymers, 32 1393-1405, 1992. 

J M 1992. Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Elementary Methods. New York, John Wiley Sons, ammon J A and S C Harvey 1987. Dynamics of Proteins and Nucleic Acids. Cambridge, Cambridge Jniversity Press. 

Good reviews of the application of dynamic simulation methods to biomolecules can be found in the books by Brooks et al. [1] and McCammon and Harvey [2]. Good short reviews on this topic can also be found in Refs. 3-5. More detailed discussions of dynamic simulation methodologies can be found in books by Allen and Tildesley [6], Frenkel and Smit [7], and Rapaport [8] and in the review by van Gunsteren [9]. 

A number of books and journal articles reviewing computational methods relevant to biophysical problems have been published in the last decade. Two of the most popular texts, however, were published more than ten years ago those of McCammon and Harvey in 1987 and Brooks, Karplus, and Pettitt in 1988. There has been significant progress in theoretical and computational methodologies since the publication of these books. Therefore, we feel that there is a need for an updated, comprehensive text including the most recent developments and applications in the field. 

Hall and Harvey prefer to determine glyceryl acetate in essential oils by a method in which the glycerol is separated and weighed. This method is as follows —... 

Anaerobic condition. Molecular oxygen is an essential requirement in a majority of bioluminescence systems. Thus, the light emission from those systems stops if molecular oxygen is completely eliminated. The methods for removing oxygen from biological fluids were discussed in detail by Harvey (1926b), which contains useful information on various procedures that are valuable even today. 

Harvey, E. N. (1926b). Oxygen and luminescence, with a description of methods for removing oxygen from cells and fluids. Biol. Bull. 51 89-97. 

Analytical methods for quantifying americium in environmental samples are summarized in Table 7-2. The methods that are commonly used in the analysis of americium based on activity are gross a analysis, a-spectrometry and gamma-ray spectrometry. MS detection techniques are used to measure the mass of americium in environmental samples. (The mass-activity conversion factor for 241Am is 0.29 (lCi/ lg or 3.43 ig/ p,Ci [Harvey etal. 1993]). 

There are methods available to quantify the total mass of americium in environmental samples. Mass spectrometric methods provide total mass measurements of americium isotopes (Dacheux and Aupiais 1997, 1998 Halverson 1984 Harvey et al. 1993) however, these detection methods have not gained the same popularity as is found for the radiochemical detection methods. This may relate to the higher purchase price of a MS system, the increased knowledge required to operate the equipment, and the selection by EPA of a-spectrometry for use in its standard analytical methods. Fluorimetric methods, which are commonly used to determine the total mass of uranium and curium in environmental samples, have limited utility to quantify americium, due to the low quantum yield of fluorescence for americium (Thouvenout et al. 1993). 

Harvey CE (1947) A method of semi-quantitative spectrographic analysis. A.R.L., Glendale, CA... 

Harvey, P.H. and Pagel, M.D. (1991) The Comparative Method in Evolutionary Biohgy. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 

Although phenanthrene is noncarcinogenic, some of its methylated derivatives exhibit significant activity as mutagens (52,53). The 1,2- and 3,4-dihydrodiols of phenanthrene were first synthesized by Jerina et al. (54) by a method involving reduction of the corresponding quinones with LiAlH. However, the yields in the rein Polycyclic Hydrocarbons and Carcinogenesis Harvey, R. ... 

The earlier methods for the measurement of organic phosphorus generally used fairly drastic measures to decompose the organic compounds present and free the phosphates. For example, Duursma [34] used the technique originally described by Harvey [35] which included autoclaving the seawater with sulfuric acid at 140 °C for 6 h, at a pressure of 3 atmospheres. These methods required... 

Flarvey et al. (1995) and Harvey and Rogers (1996) proposed a multiblock impeller-fitted grid structure for dealing with the exact geometry of the impeller. The first of these two papers introduces an approximate steady-state method... 

Keon, N.E., Swartz, C.H., Brabander, D.J., Harvey, C., Hemond, H.F. 2001. Validation of an arsenic sequential extraction method for evaluating mobility in sediments. Environmental Science and Technolology, 35, 2778-2784. 

Maskarinec and Harvey [61] have described a method for the screening of solid wastes and sludges for organic compounds. The technique involves sequential extraction with acidic, basic and neutral media and the extracts are all analysed directly by gas chromatography with fused silica columns. Results achieved using the technique are discussed. The method is compared with traditional Soxhlet extraction. 

X-ray diffraction methods have also been used in the study of the structures of liquids. The continual movements which occur in liquids do not affect the determination of the principal interatomic distances. For earlier work on the subject see Randall s book (1934). Among later papers, those of Harvey (1939) on ethanol and Bray and Gingrich (1943) on carbon tetrachloride are typical. 

Sclerometer methods, Grodzinski Harvey-McGee, dry other methods of limited... 

In the light of the above, contact abrasion methods can be classified into ordinary, used for measurements at room temperature, and high temperature. Classed among abrasion resistance test methods at room temperature are the following Bohme s, Mindt s, Harvey s, McGee s, Blondel s, dry friction with balls, dry friction without balls, and Siever s method. 

Harvey s and McGee s method both include abrading a stationary sample with a rotating grinding wheel. Its principle is similar to that of the above variations of Bohme s method. 

Mackensen-Zeiss blower method, 39,101 Martens sclerometer, 48, 49 McGee s method, 92 Mean Mohs-Mackensen hardness, 106 Method, Blondel s 92 Bohme s disc, 90 Brinell, 36, 58 Davidenkov scratch point, 50 Davidenkov s, 50 dry friction without balls, 92 Harvey s 92... 

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