Effluent handling

Implement strict quality control program Employ good operating procedures Develop effluent handling procedures... 

Tuma, L. and C. Bagner 1998. Assurance of Safe Pilot Plant Scale-Up of Chemical Processes, in (G. A. Melhem and H. G. Fisher, eds.). International Symposium on Runaway Reactions, Pressure Relief Design, and Effluent Handling, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York. 

Gustin, J. L., Choiee of Runaway Reaetion Seenarios for Vent Sizing Based on Pseudo-adiahatie Calorimetrie Teehniques, Int. Symp. on Runaway Reaetion, Pressure Relief Design, and Effluent Handling, AIChE, pp. 11-13, 1998. 

CCPS (Center for Chemical Process Safety), Guidelines for Pressure Relief and Effluent Handling Systems. New York AIChE, 1998. 

FIG. 23-50 Feed distributor devices for horizontal blowdown drums/catch tanks. (Guidelines for Pressure Relief and Effluent Handling Systems, Center for Chemical Process Safely (CCPS) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AlChE) copyright 1988 AlChE and reproduced with permission.). 

Air seals (also called purge reduction or gas seals) are often recommended to prevent air from entering the stack, which could possibly cause flashbacks and explosions. More information about air seals can be found in API RP 521 (2007) and the AIChE-CCPS book Guidelines for Pressure Relief and Effluent Handling Systems. 

The recommended method is from Guidelines for Pressure Relief and Effluent Handling Systems (AIChE-CCPS, 1998). It is an improvement over the method presented in the 7th edition of this Handbook. The procedure involves calculating a terminal velocity for a selected droplet size, then providing enough residence time in the vapor space to allow the droplets to fall from the top of the vessel to the level of liquid collected. Also, the vapor velocity in the separator must not exceed the value above which liquid may Be entrained from the liquid surface in the separator. The tank is treated as a simple horizontal cylinder, neglecting the volume of liquid in the heads. 

The recommended design procedure is also from Guidelines for Pressure Relief and Effluent Handling Systems (AIChE-CCPS, 1998). As with a horizontal separator, the assumed value of K is expected to be suitable for most vertical separators in emergency relief services. However, if it is necessary to remove droplets smaller than 300 to 600 pm, then lower values of K should be used. 

The sizing procedure is presented in Guidelines for Pressure Relief and Effluent Handling Systems (AIChE-CCPS, 1998). Figure 23-53 shows the dimensions of a cyclone separator designed in accordance with this procedure. If liquid is continuously drained from the cyclone to a separate accumulator, a vortex breaker and false bottom should be used (Fig. 23-53, view BB). 

Efficient stochastic genetic algorithm (ESGA), optimization via, 26 1032 Efficient stochastic annealing (ESTA), optimization via, 26 1030 Effluent gases, lime industry, 15 76 Effluent guidelines/standards, 21 581-582 Effluent handling, in pilot plants, 19 467 Effluent pollutant, 9 303 Effluents... 

Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Runaway Reactions, Pressure Relief Design, and Effluent Handling CCPS Reviewed only... 

Guidelines for Pressure Relief and Effluent Handling Systems", CCPS/AIChE, New York, 1998, ISBN 0-8169-00476-6... 

Guidelines for Pressure Relief and Effluent Handling Systems",... 

J C Etchells, T J Snee and A J Wilday, "Relief System Sizing for Exothermic Runaway The UK HSE Strategy", International Symposium on Runaway Reactions, Pressure Relief Design and Effluent Handling, 135-162, AiChE, 1998, ISBN 0-8169-0761-7... 

Reactions, Pressure Relief Design and Effluent Handling, 135-162, AlChE,. 1998, ISBN 0-8169-0761-7 v... 

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