Hallucinations paranoid

Overdosage may also produce psychosis as evidenced by agitation, restlessness, rambling speech, visual hallucinations, paranoid behavior, and delusions, followed by depression. 

Overdose may produce temporary paralysis of ciliary muscle pupillary dilation tachycardia palpitations hot, dry, or flushed skin absence of bowel sounds hyperthermia increased respiratory rate EGG abnormalities nausea vomiting rash over face or upper trunk CNS stimulation and psychosis (marked by agitation, restlessness, rambling speech, visual hallucinations, paranoid behavior, and delusions, followed by depression). 

The psychomotor stimulants, cocaine and D-amphetamine, are considered together because they share a similar psychopharmacological profile.19 20 Low to moderate doses of both drugs given acutely to nontolerant, nonanxious subjects produce increases in positive mood (euphoria), energy, and alertness. Experienced cocaine users were unable to distinguish between intravenous (IV) cocaine and D-amphetamine,21 and cross-tolerance between cocaine and D-amphetamine with respect to their anorectic effect has been demonstrated.22 Additionally, the toxic psychosis observed after days or weeks of continued use of both psychostimulants is very similar. The fully developed toxic syndrome, characterized by vivid auditory and visual hallucinations, paranoid delusions, and... 

On September 12, 1989, Anello reported within the FDA on Triazolam and Temazepam—Comparison Reporting Rates. He found that adverse drug reactions were reported 11 times more frequently with triazolam than with temazepam. The relative reporting rate was 46 to 1 for amnesia, 9 to 1 for agitation, anxiety and nervousness, 16 to 1 for psychosis ( psychosis, hallucinations, paranoid reaction, and acute brain syndrome ), and 19 to 1 for hostility and intentional injury. Anello s (1989) analysis indicated that there were no convincing explanations for these differences other than actual drug effects, but he did not make a formal determination of causality. However, in a handwritten analysis attached to the document, obtained through the Freedom of Information Act, there is a summary titled Other Evidence in Favor of Effect of Triazolam, which I quote in full ... 

Dysphoria nlghtaares excessive dreaalng hallucinations and delusions sehlsold reactions auditory hallucinations paranoid and religious delusions egression... 

Cocaine is a psychotomimetic drug, sometimes even at system-ically nontoxic doses. A kindling phenomenon has been described with cocaine in which neuronal function becomes altered with each dose of the drug. This causes a type of reverse tolerance with increased receptor sensitivity to cocaine, and psychosis may be caused by doses that formerly did not cause psychosis. The toxic psychosis is characterized by auditory, visual, and frequently tactile hallucinations, paranoid thinking, and looseness of associations. The psychosis is qualitatively very similar to a paranoid schizophrenic psychosis. ... 

Trade name. One of the glycolate esters that have atropine-like effects but more marked actions on the CNS. Disorientation, depersonalization, hallucinations, paranoid feelings. Related to BZ and phencyclidine. 

Amantadine Visual hallucinations, paranoid delusions, nightmares, mania. Disopyramide... 

B. Bromocriptine intoxication may present with hallucinations, paranoid behavior, hypertension, and tachycardia. Involuntary movements, hallucinations, and hypotension are reported with pergolide. 

It is currently being traded as herbal ecstasy due to its CNS stimulatiOTi that in overdoses can lead to hallucinations, paranoids, and psychosis [17], However, the large number of reports of serious adverse effects related to the use of this substance increased the attention to its use. 

The postulation of a possible role of trace amines in the context of schizophrenia was kindled early on by the structural similarity between PEA and amphetamine. Symptoms such as hallucinations and paranoid episodes caused by a prolonged amphetamine intoxification are reminiscent of patients suffering from acute schizophrenia. Further support for a role of trace amines in the context of schizophrenia comes from clinical studies... 

Sensorium. Patients with PCP intoxication can have a clear sensorium, or they can be disoriented, confused, stuporous, lethargic, or comatose. Signs of cerebral stimulation, such as pressured speech, verbigerations, and echolalia, may also occur. Frank psychotic symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, and paranoid ideation, are not unusual. 

Toxic Psychosis. Any patient who is not catatonic but has hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideation, or other psychiatric manifestations is classified as having toxic psychosis. These patients are often difficult to differentiate from those with acute agitated psychosis, and about 25 percent appear manic. 

The positive symptoms are the most responsive to antipsychotic medications, such as chlorpromazine or halo-peridol. Initially, these drugs were thought to be specific for schizophrenia. However, psychosis is not unique to schizophrenia, and frequently occurs in bipolar disorder and in severe major depressive disorder in which paranoid delusions and auditory hallucinations are not uncommon (see Ch. 55). Furthermore, in spite of early hopes based on the efficacy of antipsychotic drugs in treating the positive symptoms, few patients are restored to their previous level of function with the typical antipsychotic medications [2]. 

Acute mania usually begins abruptly, and symptoms increase over several days. The severe stages may include bizarre behavior, hallucinations, and paranoid or grandiose delusions. There is marked impairment in functioning or the need for hospitalization. 

MDMA stimulates the CNS, causes euphoria and relaxation, and produces a mild hallucinogenic effect. It can cause muscle tension, nausea, faintness, chills, sweating, panic, anxiety, depression, hallucinations, and paranoid thinking. It increases heart rate and blood pressure and destroys serotonin (5-HT)-producing neurons in animals. It is considered to be neurotoxic in humans. 

Delusions, on the other hand, are persistent beliefs or belief systems that are not based in reality and often cause the person experiencing them to be anxious or paranoid. Many of these delusions have a theme (a common thread), which frequendy involves feelings of threat, concerns about being personally targeted by a conspiracy, obsessive thoughts, or inordinate concerns about ill health. If a person has both hallucinations and delusions, these experiences tend to feed off one another and confirm one another s content. Hallucinations tend to support the delusional beliefs, and the delusions usually are related to the hallucinations. However, you can have the experience of one without the experience of the other, meaning that some people have delusions without hallucinations and some have hallucinations without delusions. 

Chronic cocaine use can cause a syndrome of insomnia, hallucinations, delusions, and apathy. This syndrome develops around the time when the euphoria turns to a paranoid psychosis, which resembles paranoid schizophrenia. Further, after cessation of cocaine use, the hallucinations may stop, but the delusions can persist. Still, the incidence of a persistent cocaine-induced psychosis appears to be rare. One study found only 4 out of 298 chronic cocaine users receiving a diagnosis of psychotic disorder (Rounsaville et al. 1991). This incidence is approximately the... 

There are two general classes of clinical characteristics of schizophrenia. First, there are the positive symptoms that include auditory hallucinations (voices) and delusions, often paranoid. Second, there are the negative symptoms these include disorganization, loss of will, inability to pay attention, social withdrawal, and flattening of affect. The relative roles of positive and negative symptoms for a particular victim vary over time. The positive symptoms may predominate for a period to be followed by one in which the negative symptoms are more prominent. About 10% of people with schizophrenia commit suicide. 

Paranoid Delusions Hallucination Disorganized thoughts Disorganized behavior Mutism, catatonia Flat affect... 

Psychotic Disorder Due to Generai Medical Condition. Certain medical illnesses occasionally present with symptoms of paranoid delnsions or hallucinations that resemble schizophrenia (Table 4.4). When these illnesses are snccessfully treated, fnll resolntion of the psychotic symptoms invariably occnrs. All patients presenting with new-onset psychosis shonld nndergo a thorongh medical evaluation including a physical exam, family and personal medical history, and laboratory stndies inclnding electrolytes, thyroid function tests, syphilis screen, vitamin B12 and folate levels, and a CT or MRI brain scan. A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) and electroencephalogram are sometimes also warranted. 

Psychosis for demented patients usually takes the form of paranoid delusions. Demented patients may believe family members have turned against them, or they may misidentify their loved ones as intruders in their home. Although hallucinations are not listed in the DSM-IV criteria, they may also occur. When psychosis occurs in a demented patient, it is a serious problem. It is very distressful to the patient, makes it difficult (if not impossible) for family members to provide care, may lead to episodes of violence, and commonly leads patients to be hospitalized or placed in nursing homes. Fortunately, most patients with dementia do not develop delusions or other psychotic symptoms. 

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