H-Coal fuel oil

COED COED Synthoil H-Coal Fuel Oil H-Coal Syncrude Hydro- treated... 

The H-Coal process could operate in one of two modes, depending on the desired product slate. In the "syn-cmde" mode, a fluid-bed coking unit was employed to maximize recovery of distillate from the Hquefaction product (Fig. 7a). When operated in the fuel oil mode (Fig. 7b), no coker was used and the primary product was a coal-derived low sulfur fuel oil. Total hydrogen demand on the process was also reduced in the latter mode of operation. 

Fig. 7. H-Coal process using Illinois No. 6 coal (a) in syncmde mode, and (b) in low sulfur fuel oil mode. To convert to Btu, multiply by 6.48 x lO ". To convert m to bbl, multiply by 6.29. To convert m to standard cubic feet (SCF), multiply by 35.3...

CSF [Consol Synthetic Fuels] A two-stage coal liquifaction process. In the first stage, the coal is extracted with process-derived oil and the ash removed. In the second, the extract is catalytically hydrogenated. Piloted by the Consolidation Coal Company, Cresap, WV, from 1963 to 1972. See also H-Coal, SRC, Synthoil. 

We will examine three synthetic fuel scenarios and compare their implications regarding sulfur availability with the current and projected market for sulfur to the year 2000. The analysis will consider three production levels of synthetic fuels from coal and oil shale. A low sulfur Western coal will be utilized as a feedstock for indirect liquefaction producing both synthetic natural gas and refined liquid fuels. A high sulfur Eastern coal will be converted to naphtha and syncrude via the H-Coal direct liquefaction process. Standard retorting of a Colorado shale, followed by refining of the crude shale oil, will round out the analysis. Insights will be developed from the displacement of imported oil by synthetic liquid fuels from coal and shale. 

In 1976, Ashland Oil (Ashland Synthetic Fuels, Inc.) was awarded the prime contract to construct a 540 t/d H-coal pilot plant adjacent to its refinery at Cadettsburg, Kentucky, by an industry—government underwriting consortium. Construction was completed in 1980 (112). The pilot-plant operation ended in early 1983. 

CA 14, 2313 (1920) (Various colloidal fuels consisting of coal dust oil, suitable for marine use) c)F.Gramme, Challeur et Industrie Special No, 202-12(1924) CA 19, 1188 (1925) (Review of prepn of colloidal fuels) d)H. Plauson St P.Schrode, USP 1647471 (1927) Sc CA 22, 313 (1928) (Stable liq fuels consisting of a suspension of finely divided coal, coke or peat in mineral oil) e)T.ltakura, jSocChem-Ind, Japan 40, Suppl binding, pp280-81 (1937)... 

CA 31, 8880 (1937) (Suspensions of coal in oil which can be stored w/o sepn for more than 450 days) f)V.F.Kustov et al, KhimReferatZhur 1940, NolO-ll, 95 CA 37, 1240-41 (1943) (Colloidal fuels consisting of coal dust suspensions in "mazut , which is the residue remaining after the distn of gasoline and kerosene from Rus petroleum. These fuels have been used in industrial furnaces) g)E.Boye, Chem-Ztg 68, 187-8 (1944) CA 40, 3865 (1946) [Review with 34 refs of colloidal fuels known in Germany as Fliesskohle (fluid coals)] h)... 

PROPERTIES OP FUEL OILS FROM HYDROTREATING ILLINOIS H-COAL, WYODAK H-COAL, AND SRC-II SYNCRUDES... 

Although the first major use of coal liquids will be as boiler fuels, it is clear that in order to make the largest impact on the U.S. liquid fuel demand, products from direct liquefaction have to be upgraded to quality liquid fuels for both transportation and home heating oil uses. The products coming from the all-distillate coal liquefaction processes such as H-Coal Syncrude, SRC-II and Donor Solvent, along with shale oil production will be candidates for use as refinery feedstock. 

Particulate emissions from the synthetic fuels were very low, on the order of 0.01 lb per million BTU, and approximately one order of magnitude less than particulate emissions from No. 6 fuel oil. Data on particulate morphology and submicron particle size distributions Indicate a unlmodal size distribution for the No. 6 fuel oil and the SRC-II fuels while Indicating a blmodal size distribution for the H-Coals. Burners out of service and low excess air (LEA) operation did not significantly contribute added particulate emissions although 1t did tend to shift the unlmodal distributions toward a larger number of smaller particles. 

The H-Coal process is a development of Hydrocarbon Research Inc. (HRI). It converts coal by catalytic hydrogenation to substitutes for petroleum ranging from a low sulfur fuel oil to an all distillate synthetic crude, the latter representing a potential source of raw material for the petrochemical industry. The process is a related application to HRI s H-Oil process which is used commercially for the desulfurization of residual oils from crude oil refining. 

H-Coal, and EDS middle distillates, and hydrotreated Paraho shale oil residual were tested in a subscale 5-inch diameter, staged rich-lean combustor at conditions representative of baseload and part power settings of 30-MW utility combustion turbine. A minimum NO emission level corrected to 15% oxygen of approximately 35 ppmv was attained for all the fuels despite fuel bound nitrogen levels of up to 0.8 percent by weight. 

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