Technology overview

Four developments are widely considered to be responsible for transferring membrane science from the laboratory to commercial reality  

development of high-efficiency membrane elements (modules) with large surface areas  

creation of advanced materials with controllable capabilities to separate molecularly similar components (e.g., gases, salts, colloids, proteins)  

tailoring membrane morphology for controlling microscopic transport phenomena and 

Continuing advances in development of new membranes with better thermal, chemical, and improved transport properties have led to many new possible applications. Development of newer membrane modules and operating procedures in recent years has provided a key stimulus for the growth of the membrane industry such as submerged membrane filtration for treating municipal water. 

Many of the individual tasks within the overall design process can be performed using a computer. As each of these tasks is made more efficient, the efficiency of the overall process increases as well. The computer is suited to aid the designer by incorporating customer inputs, problem definitions, evaluations, and final product designs. 

Computer-aided design (CAD) uses the mathematical and graphicprocessing power of the computer to assist the mechanical engineer in the creation, modification, analysis, and display of designs. Many factors have contributed to CAD technology becoming a necessary tool in the 

The industrial production process as practiced in today s business is based on a smooth interaction between regulation technology, industrial handling applications, and computer science. Particularly important is computer science because of the integrating functions it performs that includes the tool manufacture, primary processing 

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Roote, D.S., In-Situ Flushing, Groundwater Remediation Technologies Analysis Center (GWRTAC), Technology Overview Report, O Series TO-97-02, 1997. 

CPEO, Technology Overview Report Electrokinetics, Center for Public Environmental Oversight, Washington, 1997, 36 p. 

Nicewonger R, Baldino C, Evans M (2003) The accelerated development of an optimized synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 44 9337-9341 Ondruschka B, Nuchter M, Bonrath W (2004) Microwave assisted synthesis— a critical technology overview. Green Chem 6 128-141 Regan J, Breitfelder S Cirillo P (2002) Pyrazole urea-based inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase from lead compound to clinical candidate. J Med Chem 45 2994-3008... 

Nilchter M, Ondruschka B, Bonrath W, Gum A (2004) Microwave-assisted synthesis - a critical technology overview. Green Chem 6 128-141... 

D.E. Totzke. Anaerobic treatment technology overview. Technical report. Applied Technologies Inc., USA, 1999. 

Treatment of explosives-contaminated soil using stage one of Waste Management, Inc. s, two-stage static soil process (TOSS) is approximately 110/yd. If stage two is necessary, the cost increases to 254/yd (D194676, pp. 36, 37). For more information on the TOSS process, please refer to the technology overview. 

Fundamental understanding of the chemistry of polyolefin oxidation and the mechanisms of their stabilisation has been pivotal in achieving the current body of knowledge and the development of the vast structural diversity of stabiliser molecules that are available today. This chapter aims to project, with mechanistic perspectives, a technological overview of recent progress made in the stabilisation of polyolefins that are suitable for human-contact applications. 

D.Coclin (Dean.Coclin baltimore.com), Public Key Technology Overview, Courtesy of Baltimore Technologies (www.baltimore.com). 

Niichter, M., B. Ondruschka, W. Bonrathand A. Gum, Microwave Assisted Synthesis - A Critical Technology Overview, Green Chemistry, 6, 128-141 (2004). 

Li, Y. and Menon, A.K. (2001) Magnetic recording technologies overview. Encyclopedia of Materials Science and Technology, 5, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 4949-57. 

Niicher, M. Ondruschka, B. Bonrath, W. Gum, A. Microwave Assisted Synthesis—A Critical Technology Overview, Green Chem. 2004, 6, 128-141. 

The impact of MS, and within this book especially of ESI-MS, in protein characterization is difficult to review, because of the multitude of papers appearing, both in journals with analytical orientation and in journals with specialized biochemical orientation. This chapter should be considered as a technology overview rather than a comprehensive review of current applications of ESI-MS in peptide and protein characterization. 

Pelkmans, L., S. Hulten, R. Cowan, G. Azkarate, and P. Christidis. 2003a. "Trends in Vehicle and Fuel Technologies—Overview of Current Research Activities." EC Joint Research Centre, IPTS, EUR 20747 EN (May 2003). 

A technological overview of soft drinks can be visualised as a soft drink circle , as shown in Fig. 5.30. This overview shows the broad variability of raw materials used in soft drinks. 

Chapter 1 DNA Microarrays Technology Overview and Current Status 3 ... 

Hofmann, H., in Chemical Reactor Design and Technology Overview of the New Development of Energy and Petrochemical Reactor Technologies, de Lasa, H. I., ed. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Chemical Reactor Design and Technology, London, Ontario, Canada, 2-12 June, 1985, Kluwer Academic, DordrechL Netherlands, 1986. 

AviGenics Technology Overview, http // www.avigenics.com/services.htm 2004. 

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