Purchasing power parity

Comparisons between Enropean stndies are also difficult. Tolley and Gyldmark (1993) reviewed costs of treatment, care, and support for HIV-positive and AIDS patients in eleven Enropean conntries, which were based on data from the second half of the eighties. The anthors inflated cost fignres to 1990 prices and converted them from local currency to US by using national healthcare-specific price indices and health-specific purchasing power parities. The standardized cost estimates ranged between US 1,700 (social care per HIV-positive) and US 28,200 (hospital care per AIDS person-year), with the exception of a Greek study, which produced an adjusted cost estimate for the hospital treatment and care of AIDS patients of US 70,400 per person-year. 

Costs converted to US doiiars (1996 vaiue) using the Heaith Purchasing Power Parity price index (OECD, 1999). 

Differences in terms of per-capita income, per-capita emissions and energy intensity among countries remain significant (see Fig. 2.3). In 2004, UNFCCC Annex I countries held a 20% share in world population, produced 57% of world gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity (GDPppp), and accounted for 46% of global GHG emissions. 

PAFC PEMFC PFC PGM PHEV PISI PM POX ppm PPP Phosphoric-acid fuel cell Proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell Polymer-electrolyte membrane Perfluorocarbons Platinum-group metals Plug-in hybrid-electric vehicle Port-injection spark ignition Particulate matter Partial oxidation Parts per million Purchasing power parity... 

To compute this value requires survivor functions for relevant time periods as well as values for v(f). The survivor functions were computed from male and female life tables available for 1982 and 1997 from Statistics Canada. Economic values for additional life years were computed based on Murphy and Topel (2005) and converted to Canadian dollars using the average per capita ratios of Canadian to U.S. income for 1994-2003. These income-adjusted life year values were then multiplied by 1.267 the purchasing power parity (PPP) rate between Canada and the United States in 2004, expressed in 2004 dollars. 

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Currency conversion rates that attempt to reflect the actual purchasing power of a currency in its home market, as opposed to examining price levels and comparing an exchange rate. PPPs are always given in the national currency units per U.S. dollar. 

The numbers are mesmerizing. Since 1980, China s economy has grown by more than nine percent a year and the country now has a GDP of approximately EUR 1.3 trillion. It is the world s seventh largest economy (second if purchasing power parity is used), and annual growth is expected to be around double-digit rates. 

PPP See Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) or Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). ... 

Similarly, another central question is also still open why was a construction proposal submitted, on Sept. 30, 1943, to the tune of RM 32,200,000 for Birkenau alone, if the intent was to kill the inmates 68 In today s currency (1 RM had approximate purchasing power parity with 10 US-Dollar today) the estimated construction costs amount to 322,000,000 - that is more than a third billion US-Dollar. Construction and the attendant spending proceeded as planned - the documents prove this. An analysis of the implementation of the construction project is presently in preparation for publication. We wish to state at this time that we have in our possession the complete and detailed construction proposal, that is, the calculations as well as the plans and sketches. 

Figure 9.3. Energy intensity of GDP in the EU (TOE/SlOOO 1995 using purchasing power parities).

Figure 9.4. CO2 emission per unit of GDP (kg CO2 per US using 1995 prices and purchasing power parities).

FIGURE 45.3 Drug expenditure per capita, OECD countries 2004. Note (2) 2002 (3) 2003. Data are expressed in US dollars as purchasing power parities (PPPs), which allows countries to be compared on a basis that compares dieir values with the cost of a given basket of commodities in each country rather dian standard exchange rates. Source OECD Healdi Data 2006 http //www.oecd.Org/dataoecd/5/24/36984917.pdf. 

Nonnlnal dala. adjusled ter purchasing power parity. " Including dental work and denial prosihesea. Source OECD Healih Data 2002 BMG Table KFOSBund... 

The comparability of economic calculations between countries is a conunon problem for economic analysis, due not only to the differences in definitions. Different costs of living and purchasing power parities make conqrarisons of absolute figures less meaningful. 

GDP at purchasing power parity (ppp a statistical adjustment for cost of living differences) ( ) 11 countries... 

Sources of data are C2 is ASNet Database, while C3, C4 and C5 Human Develofxnent Report 2004 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is a theoretical exchange rate between different airrencies to US ... 

Usually, the gross national product (GNP) [or the gross domestic product (GDP), see footnote 2 of Table 5.1.4] is used as a measure of a country s economic performance. For a comparison of countries, the purchasing power parity (PPP) should be used, that is, the GNP in international dollars with the same purchasing power as a US in the United States. Values of selected countries are given in Table 5.1.4. The table also lists the land area per head, the population in 2009 (and prediction for 2050), and the energy consumption (pc). 

Figure 5.1.2 Gross national product in purchasing power parity per capita (2008) versus primary energy consumption pc (2007) (solid line with slope of current global average dot-dash line indicates the development in countries with increased energy efficiency (Jess, 2010).

The GNP per capita (pc) is an important indicator for measuring the average welfare of the population in a country or region. Countries with a higher GDP pc may be more likely to also score highly on other measures of welfare, such as life expectancy. However, there are serious limitations to the usefulness of GNP or GDP as a measure of welfare, even if the GNP per capita is measured at purchasing power parity... 

The standard of living is measured by the natural logarithm of gross domestic product per capita at purchasing power parity (the reason for log-scale is given below) ... 

Figure 5.1.5 shows the human development index (HD/) versus the gross national product (C/VP) in purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita. Obviously, the average welfare of a nation (as measured by the HDI) strongly increases as one moves from... 

Figure 5.1.6 Subjective well-being index (SV/6) (period 1995-2007) versus gross national product in purchasing power parity per capita (2008) [SV/B from Ingleharteto/. (2008) global average value based on 33 countries representing 68% of the world s population (jess, 2010)].

NOTE PPP = purchasing power parity. Quintile 1 is poorest quintile 5 richest. 

The US 1/day rate was found by Chen and Ravallion to be representative of the poverty lines found among low-income countries in the first years such calculations of global poverty were done. These calculations attempt to express in a common currency the purchasing power of varied domestic currencies such purchasing power parity comparisons, while usefiJ, are inexact. US 2/day is more representative of poverty in middle-income countries. 

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