Greenhouse Kyoto protocol

Protocol. In 1997, prior to President Clinton s acceptance of the Kyoto Protocol, U.S. Senate Resolution 98, the Byrd-Hcgcl resolution, which was passed by a vote of ninety-five to zero, imposes specific requirements that must be met before the Kyoto Protocol can be ratified. The resolution calls for a specific timeline and commitments by developing countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and evidence that adoption of the Kyoto Protocol would not result in serious harm to the U.S. economy. In addition, the Fifth Conference of the Parties (1999) failed to resolve numerous outstanding issues held over from the previous conference, and put off critical decision making until the Sixth Conference of the Parties in The Ffague, Netherlands, in November 2000. 

The Canadian government believes that carbon gas storage will help the country meet its emissions reduction targets under the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. It requires industrialized nations to cut emissions of greenhouse gases by an average of 5% between 2008 and 2012. 

Since 1992, more commercial wind farms have been installed than ever before with 40,000 turbines in 40 countries. Wind energy capacity is growing at almost 30% annually. By 1998, it reached 10,000 megawatts (MW), which can supply a country the size of Denmark and the wind power industry had sales of 2 billion with 35,000 jobs worldwide. The prime movers were an increasing environmental awareness and commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions made under the Kyoto Protocol of 1997. 

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, as such, have not foreseen C02 capture and storage as a means of emissions reduction. The UNFCCC defined emissions as, The release of greenhouse gases and/or their precursors into the atmosphere, (Article 1(4), UNFCCC, 1992). Consequently, C02 captured at source and stored outside the atmosphere is not an emission according to the definition in the Convention. Since industrial activity with CCS (and a theoretical 100% capture rate) does not create emissions according to the UNFCCC definition, one could interpret the action of C02 capture and storage as an emission reduction. Purdy and Macrory (2004) point out that this... 

Worldwide efforts to reduce carbon emissions officially began in 2005 with the Kyoto Protocol. The Protocol is a United Nations agreement to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The role of the United Nations is partially to formulate international laws and security measures. As of November 2007,174 nations had signed the Kyoto Protocol, thereby committing themselves to reducing carbon emissions on the schedule detailed in the Protocol. 

These problems have been recognised by nations worldwide. Recent agreements under the Kyoto Protocol between nations mean that there will be some reduction in the amount of carbon dioxide (and other greenhouse gases) produced over the next few years. However, there is still a long way to go. 

Pravda on October 26,2004 published articles headlined Russia has to ratify the Kyoto Protocol to become a WTO member, Russia needs to ratify the document to make it work, as Russia is the world s second largest source of greenhouse gases. The adherents of KP ratification in Russia have attempted to sway public opinion and could win despite the opinion of many experts. Nevertheless, discussions on this subject still continue. 

Parson E.A. and Fisher-Vanden K. (1999). Joint implementation of greenhouse gas abatement under the Kyoto Protocol s Clean Development Mechanism Its Scope and Limits. 

The Kyoto protocol had identified the development of an alternative biofuel from biomass as one of several areas deserving of research support, since this type of renewable fuel could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The use of bioethanol as a viable motor fuel to replace or augment gasoline is an attractive component of an integrated strategy to reduce the release of detrimental hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, and aromatics (2-3). 

NatureWorks PLA claims to be the world s first greenhouse-gas-neutral polymer. This factor is important for European customers whereby NatureWorks PLA could assist them to achieve compliance with the greenhouse-gas-emission reduction requirements of the Kyoto Protocol that came into effect in February 2005. 

Biomass and residue ( waste ) based energy currently contributes to about 3% of the primary energy consumption in the European Union (EU). This share will have to be tripled within the next decade to fulfil the EU objective of 8.5% energy from biomass and residues in 2010. It is also a prerequisite to enable a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as documented in the Kyoto-protocol. 

CEPA is also the preferred legislation that Canada will use to enforce regulations to meet its commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as a signatory of the Kyoto Protocol. 

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