Great Plains

Hard red winter (HRW) is an important bread wheat that accounts for more than 40% of the United States wheat crop and wheat exports. This fall-seeded wheat is produced in the Great Plains, which extend from the Mississippi River west to the Rocky Mountains, and from the Dakotas and Montana south to Texas. Significant quantities are also produced in California. HRW has moderately high protein content, usually averaging 11—12%, and good milling and baking characteristics. 

Table 3. Coproduct Yields From the Great Plains Plant ...

A commercial-scale SNG plant, the Great Plains Plant in North Dakota, was actually built and operated for several years using a scheme based on coal. However, upon termination of the government subsidy, the plant s owner, ANR Inc., found it uneconomical to continue plant operation and shut down the plant in the late 1980s. 

North America.. In the United States, lignite deposits are located in the northern Great Plains and in the Gulf states. Subbituminous coal is found along the Rocky Mountains. The western half of North Dakota has about 74% of the nation s resources, Montana 23%, Texas 2%, and Alabama and South Dakota about 0.5% each. The lignite resources to 914 m represent 28% of the total toimage of all coal deposits in the United States. The lower cost and low sulfur content have contributed to rapid growth in production. 

The Lurgi process has been the most commercially accepted gasification method since its commercialization in 1936, and is used in the large plants in South Africa, in modified designs in Germany, and in the United States for the Great Plains faciUty (25,49,50). 

Shurr, G.W. "The Pierre Shale, Northern Great Plains a Potential Isolation Medium for Radioactive Waste", U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-776, 1977. 

Scott, G. A. J. (1975b). Soil profile changes resulting from the conversion of forest to grassland in the montaha of Peru. Great Plains-Rocky Mount. Geogr. J. 4,124-130. 

Leyden, J.J., Wassenaar, L.L, Hobson, K.A., Walker, E.G. (2006). Stable hydrogen isotopes of bison bone collagen as a proxy for Holocene climate on the Northern Great Plains. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Vol. 239, pp. 87-99. (http //dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.01.009)... 

The remainder of this paper can be restricted to coals of North America, since this is the area for which we have data and in any case other contributors to this collection will deal with the coals of their own areas. The first statement above needs qualification we ourselves have no liquefaction data on Canadian coals, but Ignasiak et al. (48) present some in this collection.Relying, as in the earlier part of this paper, on geological information, we can say that the strata of the North Great Plains and Rocky Mountain provinces continue north into Canada, as does the Pacific province. Nova Scotia contains some Carboniferous coals related to those in the Eastern province. 

North Great Plains Cenozoic N. and S. Dakota, parts of Mont., Wyo., Ariz. and N. Mex. Lignite to HVB low S, very large rese of lignite... 

Seleniferous formations occur in the Great Plains region from Canada to Mexico, accounting for > 700,000 km2 of the western U.S. Seleniferous soils are frequently associated with Se-containing geological formations (Boon, 1989). As discussed above, seleniferous formations occur in North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Kansas, and New Mexico. Some soils derived from Se-rich parent materials, such as Cretaceous shales of the middle-western United States, have > 10 mg/kg Se and sometimes exceed 50 mg/kg (Reeves and Baker, 2000). 

Boon D.Y. Potential selenium problems in great plains soils. In Selenium in Agriculture and the Environment, L.M. Jacobs, ed. Madison, IL Soil Science of America, Inc. 1989. 

Grant C.A., Peterson G.A., Campbell C.A. Nutrient Considerations for Diversified Cropping Systems in the Northern Great Plains. Agron J 2002 94 186-198. 

Follett RF, Paul EA, Leavitt SW, Halvorson AD, Lyon D, Peterson GA (1997) Carbon isotope ratios of Great Plains soils and in wheat-fallow cropping systems. Soil Sci Soc Am J 61 1068-1077... 

Connolly, G. 1982. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service coyote control research. Pages 132-149 in Proceedings Fifth Great Plains Wildlife Control Workshop, Lincoln, NE, 13-15 October 1981. 

Connolly, G. 1993b. Livestock protection collars in the United States, 1983-1993. Pages 25-33 in Eleventh Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings. Kansas City, MO, 26-29 April 1993. 

Parton, W.J., Schimel, D.S., Cole, C.V., Ojima, D. 1987. Analysis of factors controlling soil organic matter levels in the Great Plains grasslands. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 51, 1173-1179,... 

Peterson GA, Westfall DG (1997) Management of dryland agroecosystems in the central Great Plains of Colorado. In Paul EA et al (eds) Soil organic matter in temperate agroecosystems. CRC, New York, pp 371-380... 

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