Wheat export

Hard red winter (HRW) is an important bread wheat that accounts for more than 40% of the United States wheat crop and wheat exports. This fall-seeded wheat is produced in the Great Plains, which extend from the Mississippi River west to the Rocky Mountains, and from the Dakotas and Montana south to Texas. Significant quantities are also produced in California. HRW has moderately high protein content, usually averaging 11—12%, and good milling and baking characteristics. 

White wheat (WW) is a preferred wheat for noodles, flat breads, and bakery products other than loaf bread. WW, which includes both fall- and spring-seeded varieties, is grown mainly in the Pacific Northwest. This low protein wheat, usually about 10%, comprises about 15% of U.S. wheat exports, destined primarily for East Asia and the Middle East. Subclasses include hard white, soft white, western white, and white club. 

Soft red winter (SRW), which is grown in the eastern third of the United States, is a high yielding wheat, but relatively low in protein, usually about 10%. SRW best provides flour for cakes, pastries, quick breads, crackers, and snack foods. This fall-seeded wheat constitutes about one-quarter of U.S. wheat exports. 

Dumm, the hardest of all U.S. wheats, provides semolina for spaghetti, macaroni, and other pasta products. This spring-seeded wheat is grown primarily in the same northern areas as hard red spring, but small winter sown quantities are also grown in Arizona and California. Dumm represents about 5% percent of total U.S. wheat exports. Subclasses are hard amber dumm, amber dumm, and dumm. 

Wheat is cultivated ia most couatries oa all continents. World wheat productioa, coasumptioa, and net exports (imports) are summarized ia Table 1. 

Table 1. Wheat World Produetion, Consumption, and Net Exports, 1985/1986 (million metrie tons) ...

The top five wheat producing countries are the former Soviet Union, the People s RepubHc of China, the United States, India, and Canada. Of these five countries, only the United States and Canada grow more wheat than they use and export to other countries. The other three nations are large wheat importers. Some of the top wheat customers of the United States have been China, India, the former Soviet Union, Japan, and Bra2il. 

In trading grain, for example, if exported wheat is analyzed by both buyer and seller for protein content, they should be confident that they will obtain comparable measurement results in other words, results for the same sample of wheat should agree within the stated measurement uncertainties. If the results do not agree, then one party or the other will be disadvantaged, the samples will have to be remeasured, perhaps by a third-party referee, at cost of time and money. Different results could arise from genuine differences in the value of the quantity for example, the wheat could have taken up moisture or been infected with fungus, so it is important that the analysis does not lead to incorrect inferences. 

The export of hemp abroad began around the fifteenth century. By the sixteenth century, France was said to possess "two magnets" which attracted the wealth of Europe. One of these was wheat. The other was hemp. The yearly exports to England alone between 1686 and 1688 were over two million pounds. It was not without reason that the English complained so bitterly about the draining of the economy as a result of their imports of hemp from France. 

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