Stable isotopes hydrogen

The influence of environmental water on the hydrogen stable isotope ratio in aquatic consumers. Oecologia, Vol. 161, pp. 313-324. 

Morasch B, HH Richnow, B Schink, A Vieth, RU Mweckenstock (2002) Carbon and hydrogen stable isotope fractionation during aerobic bacterial degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Appl Environ Microbiol 68 5191-5194. 

Peters KE, Rohrbach BG, Kaplan IR (1981) Carbon and hydrogen stable isotope variations in kerogen during laboratory-simulated thermal maturation. Am Assoc Petrol Geol Bull 65 501-508... 

These delta values (read delta C-13 , or delta carbon-13 ) are typically given in parts per thousand ( permil , %o). For historical reasons, carbon stable isotopes are reported relative to the PDB (Pee Dee Belemnite, a fossil) or the equivalent VPDB (Vienna PDB) standard. Oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes are reported relative to SMOW (Standard Mean Ocean Water) or the equivalent VSMOW (Vienna SMOW). The VPDB and VSMOW standards are preferred, not only because the original standards, PDB and SMOW, are no longer available, but also because they imply that the measurements have been calibrated according to international conventions. 

Sulfur, carbon and hydrogen stable isotope ratios of pyrite, kerogens, and bitumens of two high-sulfur Monterey formation samples from the onshore Santa Maria Basin in California were determined. Kerogens from these were pyrolyzed at 300°C for periods of 2, 10 and 100 hours in closed systems and the yields and isotopic compositions of S-containing fractions (residual kerogens, bitumens and hydrogen sulfide) were determined. 

Fenton, G.E., and Ritz, D.A. (1988) Changes in carbon and hydrogen stable isotope ratios of macroalgae and seagrass during decomposition. Estuar. Coastal Shelf Sci. 26, 429-436. 

Table 2 Carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen stable isotope compositions and abundances of individual amino acids in...

Figure 6 Carbon and hydrogen stable-isotope compositions of discrete moieties identified using stepped combustion of macromolecular material from the Murchison (CM2) chondrite (source Kerridge et al., 1987).

Coplen, T.B. et al. (1985) Oxygen and Hydrogen Stable Isotope Measurements of Ground Waters of the Central-West Side of the San Joaquin Valley, California. US Geol. Surv., Open File Report, 85-490, 20 pp. 

Fig. 4.16 Schematic representation of carbon and hydrogen stable isotope ratios of plants with different biosynthetic pathways. See text for more details. Arrows indicate that hydrogen isotope ratios may cover an even larger range than indicated by the encircled areas.

Fig. 3. Comparison of carbon and hydrogen stable isotopic composition of gas samples from Voelkersen field well N3 collected before and after the cold separator of the surface gas processing unit.

Standard Mean Ocean Water — the standard used in oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopic measurements Spark Source Mass Spectrometry syn-COLlisional Granite... 

Farmer et al. [94,95] discuss the application of IRMS (bulk carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen stable isotopes) to the analysis and comparison of matchstick samples. The authors demonstrate that matches seized from a suspect were conclusively different from those recovered at a crime scene based on the bulk hydrogen and carbon isotopic compositions. Like many publications, this paper highlights the need to utilize IRMS in conjunction with standard analytical techniques employed in a forensic laboratory. In this particular study, IRMS was utilized alongside thin-section microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was noted that matches from different sources could not be differentiated by one or two of these techniques however, if all three were utilized, then the samples from known different sources could be differentiated. 

---